• 134 questions

NRP Practice Test

Unofficial Neonatal Resuscitation Program questions by lesson, written from the 2025 guidelines.

About what share of newborn infants need help to begin breathing at birth?

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Unofficial practice questions, not affiliated with the American Academy of Pediatrics, which runs NRP. Bank checked October 8, 2026.

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The real course, as the American Academy of Pediatrics describes it

Two levels
NRP Essentials takes in lessons 1 to 4 of the Textbook of Neonatal Resuscitation, and NRP Advanced lessons 1 to 11. Supplemental lessons 12 to 16 have no exam q
Part 1, online
Self-study of the textbook, then the Essentials Online Learning Assessment and, for Advanced, the Advanced Online Learning Assessment.
Question count
Not fixed. The Essentials assessment varies in length with the number of questions answered right at the first try; the FAQ puts it at under 30 minutes to 1.5 h
Pass mark
Not given on the public pages read.
Part 2, in person
An Instructor-led Event with skills evaluation, simulation and debriefing, within 90 days of completing Part 1. The Academy does not approve virtual courses.
Card
An NRP Provider eCard, active for 2 years; it expires at the end of the month.

Checked October 8, 2026 against American Academy of Pediatrics, NRP Provider page, NRP Providers (Students) FAQ and NRP 9th Edition Launch (October 22, 2025). Rules change, so confirm with the agency itself before your test.

The Academy's own NRP Provider page

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All 134 questions

Lesson 1: Foundations 10

  • About what share of newborn infants need advanced resuscitative measures to restore cardiorespiratory function? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 3, Preamble. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 1, Foundations of Neonatal Resuscitation.
  • About what share of newborn infants need help to begin breathing at birth? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 3, Preamble. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 1, Foundations of Neonatal Resuscitation.
  • How do the guidelines define the neonatal period? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 5.1, Scope of the Guidelines. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 1, Foundations of Neonatal Resuscitation.
  • How many links does the Newborn Chain of Care have? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 4, Newborn Chain of Care. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 1, Foundations of Neonatal Resuscitation.
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Lesson 1: Foundations, continued

  • The ILCOR Formula for Survival names 3 components of good resuscitation outcomes. Which is one of them? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 3, Preamble. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 1, Foundations of Neonatal Resuscitation.
  • In the Newborn Chain of Care, which link follows Ventilation? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 4, Newborn Chain of Care. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 1, Foundations of Neonatal Resuscitation.
  • What do the 2025 guidelines call the most important priority for newborn survival? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 6, Major Concepts. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 1, Foundations of Neonatal Resuscitation.
  • Which gestational ages do the guidelines mean by a term infant? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 6.2, Terminology. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 1, Foundations of Neonatal Resuscitation.
  • Which link comes first in the Newborn Chain of Care? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 4, Newborn Chain of Care. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 1, Foundations of Neonatal Resuscitation.
  • Which wording do the 2025 guidelines generally use where earlier editions said positive pressure ventilation? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 6.2, Terminology. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 1, Foundations of Neonatal Resuscitation.

Lesson 2: Anticipating and preparing 9

  • At every birth, how many people should attend whose only responsibility is the care of the newborn infant? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 7, Anticipation and Preparation for Resuscitation. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 2, Anticipating and Preparing for Resuscitation.
  • Besides naming the leader and assigning roles, what can a prebirth team briefing plan? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 7, Anticipation and Preparation for Resuscitation. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 2, Anticipating and Preparing for Resuscitation.
  • The guidelines name one possible drawback of prebirth team briefings. What is it? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 7, Anticipation and Preparation for Resuscitation. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 2, Anticipating and Preparing for Resuscitation.
  • What do the guidelines say should be used before every birth to confirm that supplies and equipment are present and working? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 7, Anticipation and Preparation for Resuscitation. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 2, Anticipating and Preparing for Resuscitation.
  • What must the person responsible for the newborn infant at every birth be able to do? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 7, Anticipation and Preparation for Resuscitation. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 2, Anticipating and Preparing for Resuscitation.
  • What should be performed before every birth to determine perinatal risk and assemble the team? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 7, Anticipation and Preparation for Resuscitation. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 2, Anticipating and Preparing for Resuscitation.
  • When do the guidelines call for a prebirth team briefing? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 7, Anticipation and Preparation for Resuscitation. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 2, Anticipating and Preparing for Resuscitation.
  • Which three actions does the Neonatal Resuscitation Algorithm list before birth? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5, Figure 2: Neonatal Resuscitation Algorithm. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 2, Anticipating and Preparing for Resuscitation.
  • Without risk stratification, about what share of babies who need ventilation may not be identified before birth? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 7, Anticipation and Preparation for Resuscitation. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 2, Anticipating and Preparing for Resuscitation.

Lesson 3: Initial steps 22

  • A term infant has good tone and is crying. Where does the algorithm send this infant? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5, Figure 2: Neonatal Resuscitation Algorithm. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 3, Initial Steps of Newborn Care.
  • A term newborn infant does not need immediate resuscitation. For at least how long can cord clamping be deferred with benefit? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 8.1, Recommendations for Term Newborn (umbilical cord management). Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 3, Initial Steps of Newborn Care.
  • Above what temperature do the guidelines place hyperthermia, which should also be prevented? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 9.1, Maintaining Normothermia at Birth. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 3, Initial Steps of Newborn Care.
  • An infant is not breathing or crying at birth. Which steps does the algorithm place in the first minute? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5, Figure 2: Neonatal Resuscitation Algorithm. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 3, Initial Steps of Newborn Care.
  • As the guidelines describe cord milking, in which direction is the cord stripped? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 8.1, Recommendations for Term Newborn (umbilical cord management). Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 3, Initial Steps of Newborn Care.
  • Between which temperatures should a newborn infant be kept after birth through admission and stabilization? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 9.1, Maintaining Normothermia at Birth. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 3, Initial Steps of Newborn Care.
  • Compared with ECG, how does pulse oximetry perform for heart rate in the first minutes after birth? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 10.1, Assessment of Heart Rate. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 3, Initial Steps of Newborn Care.
  • ECG shows the heart rate. Why is a pulse oximeter still needed? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 10.1, Assessment of Heart Rate. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 3, Initial Steps of Newborn Care.
  • For a nonvigorous infant born at 35 weeks or more, what may be reasonable when compared with immediate cord clamping? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 8.1, Recommendations for Term Newborn (umbilical cord management). Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 3, Initial Steps of Newborn Care.
  • How do the guidelines define tactile stimulation? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 9.3, Tactile Stimulation in Newborn Infants. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 3, Initial Steps of Newborn Care.
  • The normothermia recommendations say hypothermia should be prevented. Below what temperature do they place it? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 9.1, Maintaining Normothermia at Birth. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 3, Initial Steps of Newborn Care.
  • Tactile stimulation can be useful for which newborn infants? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 9.3, Tactile Stimulation in Newborn Infants. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 3, Initial Steps of Newborn Care.
  • What do the guidelines say about routine suctioning of a newborn infant born through meconium-stained fluid? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 9.4, Clearing the Airway in Newborn. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 3, Initial Steps of Newborn Care.
  • What must prolonged tactile stimulation never delay? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 9.3, Tactile Stimulation in Newborn Infants. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 3, Initial Steps of Newborn Care.
  • When can suctioning of the mouth and nose be considered? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 9.4, Clearing the Airway in Newborn. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 3, Initial Steps of Newborn Care.
  • Whenever possible, for how long is skin-to-skin contact kept up, with monitoring, to support early breastfeeding? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 4, Newborn Chain of Care, Link 3. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 3, Initial Steps of Newborn Care.
  • Which harm do the guidelines link to unnecessary suctioning? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 9.4, Clearing the Airway in Newborn. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 3, Initial Steps of Newborn Care.
  • Which initial steps can be carried out while cord clamping is deferred? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 8.1, Recommendations for Term Newborn (umbilical cord management). Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 3, Initial Steps of Newborn Care.
  • Which measure can be effective to maintain a normal temperature in newborn infants after birth? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 9.2, Interventions to Maintain Normothermia at Birth. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 3, Initial Steps of Newborn Care.
  • Which method gives the most rapid and accurate measurement of a newborn infant's heart rate? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 10.1, Assessment of Heart Rate. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 3, Initial Steps of Newborn Care.
  • Which physical examination method is preferred for the initial assessment of the heart rate? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 10.1, Assessment of Heart Rate. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 3, Initial Steps of Newborn Care.
  • Which three questions does the Neonatal Resuscitation Algorithm ask right after birth? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5, Figure 2: Neonatal Resuscitation Algorithm. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 3, Initial Steps of Newborn Care.

Lesson 4: Ventilation 24

  • A newborn infant is apneic despite the initial steps. Within what time after birth should ventilation be provided? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 11.1, Ventilatory Support. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 4, Ventilation.
  • An infant is breathing with a heart rate above 100/min but has labored breathing. What does the algorithm list? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5, Figure 2: Neonatal Resuscitation Algorithm. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 4, Ventilation.
  • At what age does the target oxygen saturation table in the 2025 algorithm begin? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5, Figure 2: Neonatal Resuscitation Algorithm. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 4, Ventilation.
  • At what rate is it reasonable to ventilate a newborn infant? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 11.2, Rate and Inflation Time During Ventilation. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 4, Ventilation.
  • Below what heart rate, despite appropriate initial steps, does a newborn infant need ventilation? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 11.1, Ventilatory Support. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 4, Ventilation.
  • By what other name do the guidelines call a laryngeal mask? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 11.4, Interfaces to Deliver Ventilation. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 4, Ventilation.
  • How soon should a pulse oximeter be placed on a newborn infant who is receiving respiratory support? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 12, Oxygen. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 4, Ventilation.
  • May a laryngeal mask be the first interface used for ventilation, in place of a face mask? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 11.4, Interfaces to Deliver Ventilation. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 4, Ventilation.
  • On what are the recommended preductal oxygen saturation goals based? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 12, Oxygen. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 4, Ventilation.
  • Ventilation has begun and the heart rate is still below 100/min. What does the algorithm list next? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5, Figure 2: Neonatal Resuscitation Algorithm. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 4, Ventilation.
  • What does PEEP do during ventilation, according to the synopsis? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 11.1, Ventilatory Support. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 4, Ventilation.
  • What is the primary indicator that ventilation of a newborn infant is effective? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 4, Newborn Chain of Care, Link 4, and section 11.1. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 4, Ventilation.
  • What is the target oxygen saturation at 5 minutes after birth? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5, Figure 2: Neonatal Resuscitation Algorithm. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 4, Ventilation.
  • What is the target oxygen saturation at 10 minutes after birth? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5, Figure 2: Neonatal Resuscitation Algorithm. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 4, Ventilation.
  • Where on a newborn infant is the pulse oximeter sensor placed? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 12, Oxygen. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 4, Ventilation.
  • Which device can be beneficial in place of a self-inflating bag, particularly for preterm infants? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 11.5, Devices for Ventilation. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 4, Ventilation.
  • Which initial peak inflation pressures do the guidelines call reasonable for newborn infants? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 11.1, Ventilatory Support. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 4, Ventilation.
  • Which lower weight limit do many makers of laryngeal masks state? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 11.4, Interfaces to Deliver Ventilation. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 4, Ventilation.
  • Which of these is a ventilation corrective maneuver named in the guidelines? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 11.3, Ventilation Corrective Measures. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 4, Ventilation.
  • Which ventilation device works without a compressed gas source and can serve as the backup? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 11.5, Devices for Ventilation. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 4, Ventilation.
  • Why should excessive peak inflation pressure be avoided? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 11.1, Ventilatory Support. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 4, Ventilation.
  • With what inflation time is it reasonable to begin ventilation? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 11.2, Rate and Inflation Time During Ventilation. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 4, Ventilation.
  • With what oxygen concentration may it be reasonable to begin respiratory support for an infant born at 35 weeks or more? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 12, Oxygen. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 4, Ventilation.
  • Within what time after birth do most newborn infants start breathing on their own? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 11.1, Ventilatory Support. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 4, Ventilation.

Lesson 5: Endotracheal intubation 6

  • By what point do the guidelines suggest ECG be placed? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 10.1, Assessment of Heart Rate. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 5, Endotracheal Intubation.
  • Face mask ventilation has not raised a heart rate that stays below 100/min. What do the guidelines say often improves ventilation? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 4, Newborn Chain of Care, Link 4. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 5, Endotracheal Intubation.
  • Face mask ventilation is unsuccessful. For which newborn infants is a laryngeal mask a reasonable alternative to endotracheal intubation? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 11.4, Interfaces to Deliver Ventilation. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 5, Endotracheal Intubation.
  • For which newborn infants can intubation and tracheal suction be beneficial? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 9.4, Clearing the Airway in Newborn. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 5, Endotracheal Intubation.
  • Which benefit of video laryngoscopy over traditional laryngoscopy do the guidelines report? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 11.3, Ventilation Corrective Measures. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 5, Endotracheal Intubation.
  • Why may video laryngoscopy not be feasible in every setting? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 11.3, Ventilation Corrective Measures. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 5, Endotracheal Intubation.

Lesson 6: Chest compressions 18

  • An endotracheal tube cannot be placed in a 36-week infant who needs chest compressions. Which airway may be a reasonable alternative? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 13.1, Chest Compression Timing, Ventilation, and Oxygen Use. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 6, Chest Compressions.
  • At a 3:1 ratio, how many inflations and compressions are given each minute? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 6.2, Chest Compressions. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 6, Chest Compressions.
  • Chest compressions are recommended when the heart rate remains below what rate despite ventilation that inflates the lungs? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 13.1, Chest Compression Timing, Ventilation, and Oxygen Use. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 6, Chest Compressions.
  • The ECG shows a rate above 60/min during resuscitation. What rules out pulseless electrical activity? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 10.2, Heart Rate in Newborn Infants Receiving Chest Compressions. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 6, Chest Compressions.
  • For how long is ventilation that inflates the lungs given before chest compressions start for a heart rate below 60/min? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 13.1, Chest Compression Timing, Ventilation, and Oxygen Use. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 6, Chest Compressions.
  • How deep should chest compressions be for a newborn infant? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 13.2, Compression-to-Ventilation Ratio and Techniques. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 6, Chest Compressions.
  • How often may it be reasonable to change the person giving compressions? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 13.2, Compression-to-Ventilation Ratio and Techniques. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 6, Chest Compressions.
  • Once chest compressions are no longer needed, what is done with the oxygen? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 13.1, Chest Compression Timing, Ventilation, and Oxygen Use. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 6, Chest Compressions.
  • Through which airway is ventilation recommended during chest compressions? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 13.1, Chest Compression Timing, Ventilation, and Oxygen Use. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 6, Chest Compressions.
  • What should be used to assess the heart rate during chest compressions? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 10.2, Heart Rate in Newborn Infants Receiving Chest Compressions. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 6, Chest Compressions.
  • Where on a newborn infant's chest are compressions given? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 13.2, Compression-to-Ventilation Ratio and Techniques. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 6, Chest Compressions.
  • Which chest compression technique do the guidelines prefer for newborn infants? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 13.2, Compression-to-Ventilation Ratio and Techniques. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 6, Chest Compressions.
  • Which compression-to-ventilation ratio do the guidelines give for newborn infants? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 13.2, Compression-to-Ventilation Ratio and Techniques. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 6, Chest Compressions.
  • Which oxygen concentration may be reasonable during chest compressions for a newborn infant? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 13.1, Chest Compression Timing, Ventilation, and Oxygen Use. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 6, Chest Compressions.
  • Why do the guidelines favor giving 2 thumb-encircling compressions from the head of the bed? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 13.2, Compression-to-Ventilation Ratio and Techniques. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 6, Chest Compressions.
  • Why do the guidelines say to keep compressions off the xiphoid process? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 13.2, Compression-to-Ventilation Ratio and Techniques. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 6, Chest Compressions.
  • Why must ventilation be optimized before chest compressions begin? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 13.1, Chest Compression Timing, Ventilation, and Oxygen Use. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 6, Chest Compressions.
  • With the heart rate below 60/min, which access does the algorithm list beside chest compressions and 100% oxygen? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5, Figure 2: Neonatal Resuscitation Algorithm. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 6, Chest Compressions.

Lesson 7: Medications 17

  • After about how long of chest compressions with adequate ventilation, with the heart rate still below 60/min, is epinephrine given? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 6.2, Epinephrine. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 7, Medications.
  • An endotracheal dose of epinephrine has had no adequate response, and the umbilical catheter is now in place. When is it reasonable to give intravascular epinephrine? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 15, Epinephrine. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 7, Medications.
  • If the heart rate remains below 60/min, how often may further doses of epinephrine be given? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 15, Epinephrine. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 7, Medications.
  • Intravenous access is not successful. Which device can be useful for emergency vascular access? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 14, Vascular Access During Resuscitation. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 7, Medications.
  • Over what time may a steady infusion of a volume expander be reasonable? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 16, Volume Expansion. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 7, Medications.
  • What can follow an intravascular dose of epinephrine? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 15, Epinephrine. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 7, Medications.
  • What dose of epinephrine is reasonable by the endotracheal route while vascular access is being obtained? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 15, Epinephrine. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 7, Medications.
  • What is the intravascular dose of epinephrine for a newborn infant? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 15, Epinephrine. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 7, Medications.
  • What volume is given to a newborn infant for volume expansion? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 16, Volume Expansion. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 7, Medications.
  • When is intravascular epinephrine recommended? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 15, Epinephrine. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 7, Medications.
  • When may it be reasonable to give a volume expander? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 16, Volume Expansion. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 7, Medications.
  • Which blood is preferred when blood loss is substantial and crossmatched blood is not immediately available? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 16, Volume Expansion. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 7, Medications.
  • Which crystalloid do the guidelines call the fluid of choice for volume expansion? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 16, Volume Expansion. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 7, Medications.
  • Which findings suggest blood loss in a newborn infant who responds poorly to resuscitation? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 16, Volume Expansion. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 7, Medications.
  • Which route gives the most rapid and reliable delivery of epinephrine? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 15, Epinephrine. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 7, Medications.
  • Which vascular access is recommended for a newborn infant who needs emergency access? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 14, Vascular Access During Resuscitation. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 7, Medications.
  • Why are medications rarely needed in the resuscitation of a newborn infant? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 15, Epinephrine. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 7, Medications.

Lesson 8: Infants born preterm 12

  • A 30-week infant does not need immediate resuscitation, and deferred cord clamping cannot be performed. What may be reasonable? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 8.2, Recommendations for Preterm Newborn (umbilical cord management). Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 8, Resuscitation and Stabilization of Infants Born Preterm.
  • A preterm infant is breathing spontaneously but needs respiratory support right after birth. What is it reasonable to use? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 11.6, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 8, Resuscitation and Stabilization of Infants Born Preterm.
  • Below what gestational age should intact cord milking not be performed? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 8.2, Recommendations for Preterm Newborn (umbilical cord management). Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 8, Resuscitation and Stabilization of Infants Born Preterm.
  • For an infant born before 37 weeks who does not need immediate resuscitation, which cord management is recommended? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 8.2, Recommendations for Preterm Newborn (umbilical cord management). Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 8, Resuscitation and Stabilization of Infants Born Preterm.
  • In very preterm infants, failing to reach which oxygen saturation by 5 minutes has been associated with death? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 12, Oxygen. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 8, Resuscitation and Stabilization of Infants Born Preterm.
  • What do the guidelines say about routine sustained inflations of more than 5 seconds in infants born before 28 weeks? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 11.2, Rate and Inflation Time During Ventilation. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 8, Resuscitation and Stabilization of Infants Born Preterm.
  • Which harm is linked to intact cord milking in infants born before 28 weeks? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 8.2, Recommendations for Preterm Newborn (umbilical cord management). Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 8, Resuscitation and Stabilization of Infants Born Preterm.
  • Which newborn infants may reasonably begin respiratory support with 30% to 100% oxygen? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 12, Oxygen. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 8, Resuscitation and Stabilization of Infants Born Preterm.
  • Which of these do the guidelines list to prevent hypothermia in preterm infants in the delivery room? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 9.2, Interventions to Maintain Normothermia at Birth. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 8, Resuscitation and Stabilization of Infants Born Preterm.
  • Which risk do the guidelines report for exothermic mattresses? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 9.2, Interventions to Maintain Normothermia at Birth. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 8, Resuscitation and Stabilization of Infants Born Preterm.
  • Which room temperature do the guidelines list among warming measures for preterm and low-birth-weight infants? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 9.2, Interventions to Maintain Normothermia at Birth. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 8, Resuscitation and Stabilization of Infants Born Preterm.
  • With which oxygen range may it be reasonable to begin respiratory support for an infant born at 32 to 34+6/7 weeks? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 12, Oxygen. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 8, Resuscitation and Stabilization of Infants Born Preterm.

Lesson 9: Post-resuscitation care 8

  • An infant is unintentionally hypothermic, below 36 °C, after resuscitation. What do the guidelines say? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 17, Postresuscitation Care. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 9, Post-resuscitation Care.
  • For how long is therapeutic hypothermia continued? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 17, Postresuscitation Care. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 9, Post-resuscitation Care.
  • Once the heart rate is no longer below 100/min, which three items does the algorithm list? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5, Figure 2: Neonatal Resuscitation Algorithm. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 9, Post-resuscitation Care.
  • What do the guidelines say about therapeutic hypothermia for infants under 36 weeks with HIE? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 17, Postresuscitation Care. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 9, Post-resuscitation Care.
  • What is the target core temperature of therapeutic hypothermia? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 17, Postresuscitation Care. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 9, Post-resuscitation Care.
  • What should be checked early in an infant who received prolonged ventilation or advanced resuscitation? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 17, Postresuscitation Care. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 9, Post-resuscitation Care.
  • Which newborn infants should be offered therapeutic hypothermia under clearly defined protocols? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 17, Postresuscitation Care. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 9, Post-resuscitation Care.
  • Within how long after birth does therapeutic hypothermia bring the infant to the target temperature? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 17, Postresuscitation Care. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 9, Post-resuscitation Care.

Lessons 10 and 11: Special cases and ethics 8

  • A birth involves a condition likely to result in early death or severe morbidity. What is reasonable after consultation and shared decision-making with the family? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 18, Withholding and Discontinuing Resuscitation. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 11, Ethics and Care at the End of Life.
  • Between which gestational ages did a systematic review find international guidelines place periviability? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 18, Withholding and Discontinuing Resuscitation. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 11, Ethics and Care at the End of Life.
  • The heart rate remains below 60/min after epinephrine. Which two causes does the algorithm say to consider? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5, Figure 2: Neonatal Resuscitation Algorithm. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 10, Special Considerations.
  • How do the guidelines compare not starting resuscitation with stopping life-sustaining treatment? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 18, Withholding and Discontinuing Resuscitation. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 11, Ethics and Care at the End of Life.
  • No heart rate is detected and all the steps of resuscitation have been performed. Around what time after birth is it reasonable to discuss stopping with the team and the family? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 18, Withholding and Discontinuing Resuscitation. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 11, Ethics and Care at the End of Life.
  • What did recent trial data show about an Apgar score of 0 at 10 minutes, taken alone? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 18, Withholding and Discontinuing Resuscitation. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 11, Ethics and Care at the End of Life.
  • Which conditions do the guidelines name as ones where noninitiation, limitation or discontinuation of resuscitation may be considered? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 18, Withholding and Discontinuing Resuscitation. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 11, Ethics and Care at the End of Life.
  • Which procedure do the guidelines name for a tension pneumothorax? 2025 AHA and AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation, section 16, Volume Expansion. Outline: AAP lesson list for NRP, 9th edition, lesson 10, Special Considerations.

How this list was compiled: Our own questions, written to the lesson list the American Academy of Pediatrics publishes for the Neonatal Resuscitation Program, 9th edition: lessons 1 to 11, of which NRP Essentials covers 1 to 4 and NRP Advanced 1 to 11 (NRP 9th Edition Launch, October 22, 2025, https://downloads.aap.org/AAP/PDF/NRP%209th%20Edition%20Launch%20Communications%20FINAL_10.23.25.pdf, and https://www.aap.org/en/pedialink/neonatal-resuscitation-program/provider/, both read 2026-10-08). Every fact was read on 2026-10-08 in Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation of the 2025 American Heart Association and American Academy of Pediatrics Guidelines for CPR and Emergency Cardiovascular Care (published October 22, 2025) or in its Figure 2, the Neonatal Resuscitation Algorithm, on cpr.heart.org; each question names its section. Licence: Questions, choices and explanations are original work of this site.

How it works

This free NRP practice test has 134 questions of our own on resuscitating a newborn at birth, following the course's 11 lessons. It is unofficial and not affiliated with, endorsed by or sponsored by the American Academy of Pediatrics.

Read the full guide

What it covers

The topics follow the Academy's lesson list for the 9th edition, read October 8, 2026. The bank holds 10 questions on foundations, 9 on preparing, 22 on initial steps, 24 on ventilation, 6 on intubation, 18 on chest compressions, 17 on medications, 12 on preterm infants, 8 on post-resuscitation care and 8 on special cases and ethics.

Where the answers come from

Each answer was read in Part 5 of the 2025 guidelines of the American Heart Association and the Academy, or in its algorithm figure. What Part 5 does not state, such as endotracheal tube sizes, is not asked.

  • New in the 9th edition, by the Academy's practice changes table: saturation targets start at 2 minutes; ventilation runs at 30 to 60 per minute.
  • Many questions turn on two heart rates in the algorithm: 100/min for ventilation and 60/min for chest compressions and epinephrine.

Questions and answers

Is this the official NRP exam?

No. The questions are our own; none is taken from or reworded from the Online Learning Assessments, the Textbook of Neonatal Resuscitation or its practice scenarios. A quiz gives no card: the Academy says every NRP Provider course must be held in person.

How many questions are on the NRP exam?

There is no fixed number. The Academy's FAQ says the Essentials Online Learning Assessment varies in length with the number of questions answered right at the first try. Advanced providers then complete a second assessment. Exam mode here asks 25 of ours.

What is the difference between NRP Essentials and NRP Advanced?

Essentials is meant for everyone who takes part in caring for a newborn. Advanced is meant for people who attend births and answer for the expected resuscitation of newborns who have known risk factors, and also for people who take part in resuscitation beyond assisted ventilation.

Is this a practice test for NRP renewal too?

Yes, as study. Providers renew every 2 years by completing the online assessments of their level again and then attending an Instructor-led Event, so a renewing provider meets the same lessons.

Are these NRP exam questions for the 9th edition?

They are our own questions on the 9th edition's lesson topics. That edition was released on October 22, 2025 with the 2025 guidelines, and instructors had to teach it by June 1, 2026.

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