A corn grower pays for seed and fertilizer, which rise with every acre planted, and a land rent that stays the same whatever is planted. What kind of cost are the seed and fertilizer?Answer: Variable costs. Source: Wikipedia, Variable cost, lead. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, I. Agribusiness Systems (12%): fixed and variable costs.
A hay baler costs $54,000, has an expected salvage value of $9,000 and a useful life of 9 years. What is the yearly straight-line depreciation?Answer: $5,000. Source: Wikipedia, Depreciation, Straight-line depreciation. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, I. Agribusiness Systems (12%): depreciation.
A soybean grower takes a futures position that will gain if prices fall, to offset a loss on the crop in the field. A trader with no crop buys contracts hoping the price rises soon. What are the two doing?Answer: The grower is hedging; the trader is speculating. Source: Wikipedia, Hedge (finance), lead; and Wikipedia, Speculation, lead. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, I. Agribusiness Systems (12%): hedging and speculation.
Show all 50 questions (47 more)
Agribusiness, continued
At an enterprise’s break-even point, what is total profit?Answer: Zero. Source: Wikipedia, Break-even point, lead. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, I. Agribusiness Systems (12%): break-even analysis.
On a farm balance sheet, which item is a current asset?Answer: Grain in storage that will be sold this year. Source: Wikipedia, Current asset, Current assets. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, I. Agribusiness Systems (12%): current and noncurrent assets and liabilities.
What marks a double-entry system of accounting?Answer: Every transaction is entered in at least two accounts. Source: Wikipedia, Double-entry bookkeeping, lead. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, I. Agribusiness Systems (12%): single- and double-entry methods of accounting.
Animal systems 7
A breeder mates animals that are not closely related but share one outstanding common ancestor. Which breeding system is this?Answer: Linebreeding. Source: Wikipedia, Inbreeding, Linebreeding. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, II. Animal Systems (16%): crossbreeding, grading up, inbreeding, linebreeding and purebred breeding.
A calf’s black coat, which a buyer can see, is part of which of these?Answer: Its phenotype. Source: Wikipedia, Phenotype, lead; and Wikipedia, Genotype, lead. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, II. Animal Systems (16%): phenotype and genotype of animals.
A vaccine label says to give the product subcutaneously. Where does the injection go?Answer: Beneath the skin. Source: Wikipedia, Subcutaneous administration, lead. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, II. Animal Systems (16%): routes of administration of medications and vaccines.
Horses have a single-chambered stomach but live on forage. Where do they ferment it?Answer: In the cecum and large intestine. Source: Wikipedia, Monogastric, digestive tract. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, II. Animal Systems (16%): ruminant and nonruminant digestion.
How does vaccinating a herd protect it?Answer: It helps the immune system develop immunity to a disease. Source: Wikipedia, Vaccination, lead. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, II. Animal Systems (16%): vaccination and immunization.
Two parents that are heterozygous for two unlinked genes are crossed. What phenotypic ratio does a Punnett square predict?Answer: 9:3:3:1. Source: Wikipedia, Punnett square, dihybrid cross. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, II. Animal Systems (16%): Punnett square crosses for one-factor and two-factor crosses.
Which statement gives the animal rights position, as distinct from animal welfare?Answer: Any use of animals by humans is unacceptable. Source: Wikipedia, Animal welfare, lead and Approaches. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, II. Animal Systems (16%): animal welfare and animal rights.
Food science and biotechnology 6
A meat processor writes a HACCP plan for its plant. Which part of the process does the plan mark as a critical control point?Answer: A step where control can prevent, eliminate or reduce a hazard. Source: Wikipedia, Hazard analysis and critical control points, Principles. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, III. Food Science and Biotechnology Systems (12%): hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP).
As of 2016, the major traits of genetically modified soybean, maize, canola and cotton consisted of which two?Answer: Herbicide tolerance and insect resistance. Source: Wikipedia, Genetically modified crops, Extent of use. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, III. Food Science and Biotechnology Systems (12%): major biotechnological innovations.
What does pasteurization do to milk?Answer: Treats it with mild heat to eliminate pathogens. Source: Wikipedia, Pasteurization, lead. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, III. Food Science and Biotechnology Systems (12%): basic processing techniques.
Which agency of USDA is responsible for ensuring that the commercial supply of meat, poultry and egg products is safe, wholesome and correctly labeled?Answer: The Food Safety and Inspection Service. Source: Wikipedia, Food Safety and Inspection Service, lead. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, III. Food Science and Biotechnology Systems (12%): how USDA and FDA regulate the food products and processing industry.
Which is the first of the seven HACCP principles?Answer: Conduct a hazard analysis. Source: Wikipedia, Hazard analysis and critical control points, Principles. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, III. Food Science and Biotechnology Systems (12%): hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP).
Which process reduces the size of milk fat globules and disperses them uniformly through the milk?Answer: Homogenization. Source: Wikipedia, Homogenization (chemistry), lead. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, III. Food Science and Biotechnology Systems (12%): basic processing techniques.
Environment and natural resources 7
A pesticide is found at low levels in pond plankton, at higher levels in small fish and at the highest levels in fish-eating birds. What is this process called?Answer: Biomagnification. Source: Wikipedia, Biomagnification, lead. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, IV. Environmental and Natural Resource Systems (14%): effects of chemicals at different levels of the food chain.
A wildfire destroys a forest, and grasses, shrubs and then trees return over the years. Which kind of succession is this?Answer: Secondary succession. Source: Wikipedia, Ecological succession, lead. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, IV. Environmental and Natural Resource Systems (14%): the process of succession in a forest.
Fertilizer washes off hundreds of fields into a river after heavy rain. Which kind of pollution is this?Answer: Nonpoint source pollution. Source: Wikipedia, Nonpoint source pollution, lead. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, IV. Environmental and Natural Resource Systems (14%): point and nonpoint source pollution.
When is a preemergence herbicide applied?Answer: Before weed seedlings emerge through the soil surface. Source: Wikipedia, Herbicide, Timing of application. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, IV. Environmental and Natural Resource Systems (14%): preemergence and postemergence herbicides.
Which step of the nitrogen cycle returns nitrogen to the air by reducing nitrates to nitrogen gas?Answer: Denitrification. Source: Wikipedia, Nitrogen cycle, Denitrification. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, IV. Environmental and Natural Resource Systems (14%): the carbon cycle, water cycle and nitrogen cycle.
Which two federal agencies administer the Endangered Species Act?Answer: The Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Marine Fisheries Service. Source: Wikipedia, Endangered Species Act of 1973, lead. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, IV. Environmental and Natural Resource Systems (14%): federal agencies and regulations (Endangered Species Act).
Which USDA agency, formerly the Soil Conservation Service, gives technical assistance to farmers and other private landowners?Answer: The Natural Resources Conservation Service. Source: Wikipedia, Natural Resources Conservation Service, lead. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, IV. Environmental and Natural Resource Systems (14%): federal agencies responsible for natural resource management.
Plant systems 8
A greenhouse grower releases predatory insects to keep aphids down. Which kind of pest control is this?Answer: Biological. Source: Wikipedia, Biological pest control, lead. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, V. Plant Systems (16%): cultural, biological, mechanical and chemical controls.
A grower bends a low branch to the ground and covers part of it with soil. It roots while still attached to the parent plant and is cut free later. Which propagation method is this?Answer: Layering. Source: Wikipedia, Layering (horticulture), lead. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, V. Plant Systems (16%): asexual propagation methods.
A seedling has leaves whose major veins run parallel along their length. To which group does the plant most likely belong?Answer: Monocots. Source: Wikipedia, Monocotyledon, comparison with dicots. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, V. Plant Systems (16%): monocots and dicots.
In a soil profile, which horizon is the subsoil, where clay minerals, iron and aluminum accumulate?Answer: The B horizon. Source: Wikipedia, Soil horizon, Horizons. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, V. Plant Systems (16%): the horizons within a soil profile.
Rows of trees or shrubs planted along a field edge to give shelter from the wind and protect soil from erosion are called what?Answer: A windbreak. Source: Wikipedia, Windbreak, lead. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, V. Plant Systems (16%): soil conservation practices.
Which division of horticulture is the science of vegetable growing?Answer: Olericulture. Source: Wikipedia, Olericulture, lead; and Wikipedia, Pomology, lead. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, V. Plant Systems (16%): the divisions of horticulture.
Which plant hormone, a gas, stimulates or regulates the ripening of fruit?Answer: Ethylene. Source: Wikipedia, Ethylene (plant hormone), lead. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, V. Plant Systems (16%): the importance of growth regulators.
Why is perlite added to a potting mix?Answer: It has high permeability and helps prevent compaction. Source: Wikipedia, Perlite, Agriculture. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, V. Plant Systems (16%): materials used in soilless media.
Power, structures and technology 9
A 120-volt circuit feeds a heating element with a resistance of 15 ohms. By Ohm’s law, how much current flows?Answer: 8 amperes. Source: Wikipedia, Ohm's law, lead. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, VI. Power, Structural, and Technical Systems (15%): common electrical terms and Ohm’s law.
A 1,500-watt heat lamp runs 8 hours a day. At 12 cents per kilowatt-hour, what does one day of use cost?Answer: $1.44. Source: Wikipedia, Kilowatt-hour, lead. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, VI. Power, Structural, and Technical Systems (15%): electrical power usage and cost.
A rectangular field measures 660 feet by 1,320 feet. How many acres is it?Answer: 20 acres. Source: Wikipedia, Acre, lead. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, VI. Power, Structural, and Technical Systems (15%): land area in acres.
How are common small two-stroke gasoline engines, such as those on string trimmers, lubricated?Answer: Oil is mixed in with the fuel. Source: Wikipedia, Two-stroke engine, Lubrication. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, VI. Power, Structural, and Technical Systems (15%): maintenance procedures of internal combustion engines.
How does a two-stroke engine differ from a four-stroke engine?Answer: It completes a power cycle in one crankshaft revolution. Source: Wikipedia, Two-stroke engine, lead. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, VI. Power, Structural, and Technical Systems (15%): the four-stroke cycle and two-stroke cycle.
In the United States, how far apart are wall studs usually placed, measured center to center?Answer: 16 inches. Source: Wikipedia, Wall stud, lead. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, VI. Power, Structural, and Technical Systems (15%): basic framing terminology.
What does engine displacement measure?Answer: The cylinder volume swept by all of the pistons. Source: Wikipedia, Engine displacement, lead. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, VI. Power, Structural, and Technical Systems (15%): engine displacement.
Which technology consists of computer hardware and software that store, manage, analyze and visualize geographic data, such as a yield map?Answer: A geographic information system (GIS). Source: Wikipedia, Geographic information system, lead. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, VI. Power, Structural, and Technical Systems (15%): GIS and its relationship to GPS.
Which welding process uses a non-consumable tungsten electrode and an inert shielding gas?Answer: Gas tungsten arc welding (TIG). Source: Wikipedia, Gas tungsten arc welding, lead. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, VI. Power, Structural, and Technical Systems (15%): different types of welding.
Leadership and careers 7
A chapter president hands every decision to the committee members and gives no direction. Which leadership style is this?Answer: Laissez-faire. Source: Wikipedia, Leadership style, Laissez-faire. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, VII. Leadership and Career Development (15%): forms of leadership.
A member moves the previous question, to end debate and bring the pending motion to an immediate vote. What vote does this motion require?Answer: Two-thirds. Source: Wikipedia, Previous question, lead and Robert’s Rules of Order Newly Revised. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, VII. Leadership and Career Development (15%): basic parliamentary procedural motions.
During a chapter meeting a member believes the rules of the meeting are being broken. What does the member raise to draw the chair’s attention to it?Answer: A point of order. Source: Wikipedia, Point of order, lead and Explanation and uses. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, VII. Leadership and Career Development (15%): basic parliamentary procedural motions.
The Future Farmers of America grew out of an organization founded in 1925 by agriculture teachers including Henry C. Groseclose. In which state was it founded?Answer: Virginia. Source: Wikipedia, National FFA Organization, History. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, VII. Leadership and Career Development (15%): major historical moments and figures of FFA.
In the FFA opening ceremony, which officer is stationed by the emblem of George Washington?Answer: The treasurer. Source: Wikipedia, National FFA Organization, Officers. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, VII. Leadership and Career Development (15%): constitutional officer positions and their duties.
In which year did FFA membership become available to female students?Answer: 1969. Source: Wikipedia, National FFA Organization, History timeline. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, VII. Leadership and Career Development (15%): major historical moments and figures of FFA.
Which need stands at the top of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?Answer: Self-actualization. Source: Wikipedia, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, lead. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5701, VII. Leadership and Career Development (15%): personal leadership development (Maslow’s hierarchy).
How this list was compiled: Our own questions, written to the test specifications of the ETS Study Companion for Praxis Agriculture (5701) (https://www.ets.org/pdfs/praxis/5701.pdf, read 2026-10-13; test page https://praxis.ets.org/test/5701.html): Agribusiness Systems 12%, Animal Systems 16%, Food Science and Biotechnology Systems 12%, Environmental and Natural Resource Systems 14%, Plant Systems 16%, Power, Structural, and Technical Systems 15%, Leadership and Career Development 15%. The bank holds 6, 7, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 7 questions. Every fact was read on 2026-10-13 in the Wikipedia article the question names, and each arithmetic answer is worked out again from the numbers in the question. Licence: Questions, choices and explanations are original work of this site.
How it works
Use this page as an agriculture Praxis study guide: 50 practice questions in the seven content areas of Praxis Agriculture (5701), each answer explained and sourced. They are our own questions, unofficial, and ETS had no hand in them.
Read the full guide
The seven content areas
By the Study Companion read October 13, 2026: agribusiness systems (12%), animal systems (16%), food science and biotechnology (12%), environmental and natural resources (14%), plant systems (16%), power, structural and technical systems (15%) and leadership and career development (15%). This bank holds 6, 7, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 7.
Length of the test
ETS allows 2 hours for 120 selected-response questions on a computer. A timed run here is 50 questions in 50 minutes.
What the outline is built on
ETS says the content is based largely on the Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources Career Cluster Content Standards of the National Council for Agricultural Education, so those standards are worth reading beside the companion.
Work the arithmetic by hand: depreciation, acres from feet, amperes from volts and ohms, the cost of kilowatt-hours.
Start with your weakest content area; every area is between 12 and 16 percent of the test.
Questions and answers
Is this a study guide for the agriculture science Praxis?
It is a question-based one. ETS calls the test Agriculture, code 5701, and its free Study Companion lists every topic. This page drills those topics, and each explanation names an article you can read to study the idea further.
Is Praxis 5701 the agriculture test for Utah?
5701 is the ETS code for its Agriculture test in every state. Whether Utah asks for it, and at what score, is for the Utah State Board of Education to say, so check its licensing pages before buying Utah study guides for test 5701.
What is the passing score for the agriculture Praxis?
It varies. ETS does not set passing scores; the state or agency that licenses you does. This page counts right answers and gives no verdict.