• 60 questions

Praxis 5354 Practice Test

Unofficial special education practice questions, spread like the ETS outline for Special Education: Foundational Knowledge (5355).

For which age range may a state use the term developmental delay to find a child eligible under IDEA Part B?

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Unofficial practice questions, not affiliated with ETS (Educational Testing Service). Bank checked October 9, 2026.

Next step GACE Special Education practice testPraxis 5024: young children

All 60 questions

Development and learning differences 16

  • A child has both a hearing and a visual impairment, and the combination causes needs that a program solely for deaf children or solely for blind children cannot meet. Which IDEA category applies? 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.8(c)(2) and (c)(7). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, I. Human Development and Individual Learning Differences (26%), B. Individual Learning Differences.
  • A second grader becomes very distressed whenever the daily schedule changes and repeats the same hand movements many times a day. Which IDEA disability definition lists these characteristics? 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.8(c)(1). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, I. Human Development and Individual Learning Differences (26%), A. Human Development.
  • A student stutters, and it adversely affects her educational performance. Which IDEA category names stuttering? 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.8(c)(11). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, I. Human Development and Individual Learning Differences (26%), B. Individual Learning Differences.
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Development and learning differences, continued

  • A student with a physical disability writes with a pencil grip and a speech-to-text program. How do the IDEA regulations classify these items? 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.5. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, I. Human Development and Individual Learning Differences (26%), B. Individual Learning Differences.
  • A student with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder has limited alertness to instruction, and it adversely affects his educational performance. Under which IDEA category is he most likely to be found eligible? 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.8(c)(9). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, I. Human Development and Individual Learning Differences (26%), B. Individual Learning Differences.
  • Cerebral palsy is given as an example under which IDEA disability category? 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.8(c)(8). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, I. Human Development and Individual Learning Differences (26%), B. Individual Learning Differences.
  • For which age range may a state use the term developmental delay to find a child eligible under IDEA Part B? 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.8(b). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, I. Human Development and Individual Learning Differences (26%), A. Human Development.
  • How do the IDEA regulations separate deafness from hearing impairment? 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.8(c)(3) and (c)(5). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, I. Human Development and Individual Learning Differences (26%), B. Individual Learning Differences.
  • The IDEA regulations name dyslexia as an example of a condition included in which disability category? 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.8(c)(10). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, I. Human Development and Individual Learning Differences (26%), B. Individual Learning Differences.
  • In the Head Start framework's progression of typical development, in which age band do children move from crawling to cruising to walking? Head Start Early Learning Outcomes Framework: Ages Birth to Five (Office of Head Start, 2015), Perceptual, Motor, and Physical Development, Goal IT-PMP 3. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, I. Human Development and Individual Learning Differences (26%), A. Human Development.
  • Significantly subaverage general intellectual functioning is one part of the IDEA definition of intellectual disability. What must exist at the same time? 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.8(c)(6). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, I. Human Development and Individual Learning Differences (26%), A. Human Development.
  • Under the IDEA regulations, autism is a developmental disability that significantly affects which areas? 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.8(c)(1). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, I. Human Development and Individual Learning Differences (26%), A. Human Development.
  • Which condition does the IDEA definition of emotional disturbance attach to the characteristics it lists? 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.8(c)(4). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, I. Human Development and Individual Learning Differences (26%), B. Individual Learning Differences.
  • Which learning problem falls outside the IDEA definition of a specific learning disability? 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.8(c)(10)(ii). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, I. Human Development and Individual Learning Differences (26%), B. Individual Learning Differences.
  • Which related service teaches a student who is blind to move safely through the school and the community? 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.34(c)(7). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, I. Human Development and Individual Learning Differences (26%), B. Individual Learning Differences.
  • Which student's condition fits the IDEA definition of traumatic brain injury? 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.8(c)(12). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, I. Human Development and Individual Learning Differences (26%), B. Individual Learning Differences.

Planning, instruction and environment 19

  • A fourth grader in a mathematics intervention makes the same error on three problems in a row. According to the IES guide on students struggling with mathematics, what should the teacher provide? IES practice guide, Assisting Students Struggling with Mathematics: Intervention in the Elementary Grades (2021), Recommendation 1: Systematic Instruction. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, II. Effective Planning and Instruction and Productive Learning Environments (32%).
  • A student calls out to get the teacher's attention. Under Recommendation 3 of the IES behavior guide, how should consequences be managed? IES practice guide, Reducing Behavior Problems in the Elementary School Classroom (2008), Recommendation 3. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, II. Effective Planning and Instruction and Productive Learning Environments (32%), B. Productive Learning Environments.
  • A student leaves his seat many times each day. Following the IES behavior guide, what should the teacher do first? IES practice guide, Reducing Behavior Problems in the Elementary School Classroom (2008), Recommendation 1. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, II. Effective Planning and Instruction and Productive Learning Environments (32%), B. Productive Learning Environments.
  • A student's behavior impedes his learning and that of others. What must the IEP team consider under 34 CFR 300.324? 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.324(a)(2)(i). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, II. Effective Planning and Instruction and Productive Learning Environments (32%), B. Productive Learning Environments.
  • A teacher models fractions with fraction tiles, then with drawn strip diagrams, and links each to the written notation. Which recommendation of the IES mathematics intervention guide is she following? IES practice guide, Assisting Students Struggling with Mathematics: Intervention in the Elementary Grades (2021), Recommendation 3: Representations. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, II. Effective Planning and Instruction and Productive Learning Environments (32%).
  • A team decides that a student's misconduct was a manifestation of his disability, and he has no behavioral intervention plan. What must the IEP team do? 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.530(f). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, II. Effective Planning and Instruction and Productive Learning Environments (32%), B. Productive Learning Environments.
  • A team is writing postsecondary goals for a 16-year-old. Which areas do the IDEA regulations name for these goals? 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.320(b)(1). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, II. Effective Planning and Instruction and Productive Learning Environments (32%), A. Planning and Instruction.
  • A toddler receives early intervention at home and at a neighborhood child care center, places typical for children her age who have no disability. What do the Part C regulations call such settings? 34 CFR Part 303 (IDEA Part C regulations), section 303.26. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, II. Effective Planning and Instruction and Productive Learning Environments (32%), A. Planning and Instruction.
  • According to the Center on PBIS, about what share of students will need Tier 2 support of some kind? Center on PBIS, Tiered Framework, Tier 2: Targeted, Secondary Prevention. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, II. Effective Planning and Instruction and Productive Learning Environments (32%), B. Productive Learning Environments.
  • According to the IDEA definition, transition services are based on the individual child's needs, taking into account what? 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.43. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, II. Effective Planning and Instruction and Productive Learning Environments (32%), A. Planning and Instruction.
  • After a reasonable time in tier 2 small groups, a student has made minimal progress in reading. What does the IES guide recommend next? IES practice guide, Assisting Students Struggling with Reading: Response to Intervention and Multi-Tier Intervention in the Primary Grades (2009), Recommendation 5. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, II. Effective Planning and Instruction and Productive Learning Environments (32%).
  • An IEP must say how progress toward the annual goals will be measured. What else must it say about that progress? 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.320(a)(3). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, II. Effective Planning and Instruction and Productive Learning Environments (32%), A. Planning and Instruction.
  • By when must an IEP include measurable postsecondary goals and transition services under the federal regulations? 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.320(b). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, II. Effective Planning and Instruction and Productive Learning Environments (32%), A. Planning and Instruction.
  • How often must an IFSP for an infant or toddler be reviewed under the Part C regulations? 34 CFR Part 303 (IDEA Part C regulations), section 303.342(b). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, II. Effective Planning and Instruction and Productive Learning Environments (32%), A. Planning and Instruction.
  • In the IDEA definition of specially designed instruction, what is adapted to the needs of an eligible child? 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.39(b)(3). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, II. Effective Planning and Instruction and Productive Learning Environments (32%), A. Planning and Instruction.
  • Three first graders scored below the benchmark on the fall reading screening. What does the IES response to intervention guide recommend for them? IES practice guide, Assisting Students Struggling with Reading: Response to Intervention and Multi-Tier Intervention in the Primary Grades (2009), Recommendation 3. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, II. Effective Planning and Instruction and Productive Learning Environments (32%).
  • Under the least restrictive environment requirement, when may a child with a disability be removed from the regular educational environment? 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.114(a)(2). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, II. Effective Planning and Instruction and Productive Learning Environments (32%), A. Planning and Instruction.
  • Which list matches the continuum of alternative placements in the IDEA regulations? 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.115. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, II. Effective Planning and Instruction and Productive Learning Environments (32%), A. Planning and Instruction.
  • Which part of an IEP describes how the child's disability affects involvement and progress in the general education curriculum? 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.320(a)(1). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, II. Effective Planning and Instruction and Productive Learning Environments (32%), A. Planning and Instruction.

Assessment 14

  • A parent does not agree with the evaluation the school district carried out for her child. What right do the IDEA regulations give her? 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.502(b). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, III. Assessment (23%), B. Program Planning Based on Data.
  • A parent has consented to an initial evaluation. What does that consent mean for special education services? 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.300(a). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, III. Assessment (23%), A. Interventions, Eligibility, and Identification.
  • A parent signs consent for an initial special education evaluation. Unless the state sets its own timeframe, how long does the public agency have to conduct it? 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.301(c). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, III. Assessment (23%), A. Interventions, Eligibility, and Identification.
  • A report says a student's reading score falls at the 30th percentile of students the same age. Which kind of test produces this comparison? Wikipedia, "Norm-referenced test", lead section. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, III. Assessment (23%), B. Program Planning Based on Data.
  • A state gives students with the most significant cognitive disabilities an alternate assessment aligned with alternate academic achievement standards. What limit does the federal regulation set? 34 CFR 200.6 (ESEA Title I regulations), paragraph (c)(2). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, III. Assessment (23%), B. Program Planning Based on Data.
  • A student who speaks Spanish at home is referred for evaluation. How do the IDEA regulations require the assessments to be given? 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.304(c)(1). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, III. Assessment (23%), A. Interventions, Eligibility, and Identification.
  • A teacher screens her whole class to choose instructional strategies. Under the IDEA regulations, is this an evaluation for special education eligibility? 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.302. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, III. Assessment (23%), A. Interventions, Eligibility, and Identification.
  • A third grader reads far below grade level, and his records show that he missed most of first and second grade. Why does this matter in an eligibility decision? 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.306(b). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, III. Assessment (23%), A. Interventions, Eligibility, and Identification.
  • According to the IES response to intervention guide, when should all students be screened for potential reading problems? IES practice guide, Assisting Students Struggling with Reading: Response to Intervention and Multi-Tier Intervention in the Primary Grades (2009), Recommendation 1. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, III. Assessment (23%), A. Interventions, Eligibility, and Identification.
  • During an evaluation for a suspected learning disability, the team notices possible hearing and motor concerns. What do the regulations require? 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.304(c)(4). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, III. Assessment (23%), A. Interventions, Eligibility, and Identification.
  • How often does the IES guide recommend monitoring the progress of students in tier 2 reading intervention? IES practice guide, Assisting Students Struggling with Reading: Response to Intervention and Multi-Tier Intervention in the Primary Grades (2009), Recommendation 4. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, III. Assessment (23%), B. Program Planning Based on Data.
  • How often must a child with a disability be reevaluated, unless the parent and the public agency agree that it is unnecessary? 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.303(b). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, III. Assessment (23%), A. Interventions, Eligibility, and Identification.
  • What do the federal regulations say about state criteria for identifying a specific learning disability? 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.307(a). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, III. Assessment (23%), A. Interventions, Eligibility, and Identification.
  • Which practice do the IDEA evaluation procedures forbid when deciding whether a child has a disability? 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.304(b). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, III. Assessment (23%), A. Interventions, Eligibility, and Identification.

Law and professional practice 11

  • A five-year-old watches juice poured from a short, wide glass into a tall, thin one and says there is now more juice. Which idea in Piaget's theory does this answer show the child has not yet grasped? Wikipedia, "Piaget's theory of cognitive development", section on the preoperational stage. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, IV. Professional Learning, Practice, and Collaboration (19%), A. Ethical Guidelines, Legal Policies, and Procedures: historical foundational theories.
  • A parent asks to inspect her child's education records. Under the FERPA regulations, how soon must the school comply? 34 CFR Part 99 (FERPA regulations), section 99.10(b). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, IV. Professional Learning, Practice, and Collaboration (19%), A. Ethical Guidelines, Legal Policies, and Procedures.
  • A school refuses a parent's request to change her child's placement. What must the school give the parent? 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.503(a). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, IV. Professional Learning, Practice, and Collaboration (19%), A. Ethical Guidelines, Legal Policies, and Procedures.
  • A student with an IEP carries a weapon to school. Whether or not the behavior is a manifestation of the disability, to what may school personnel remove the student? 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.530(g). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, IV. Professional Learning, Practice, and Collaboration (19%), A. Ethical Guidelines, Legal Policies, and Procedures.
  • A student with an IEP spends most of the day in a regular fourth-grade class. Who must be on his IEP team besides the parents and a special education teacher? 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.321(a). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, IV. Professional Learning, Practice, and Collaboration (19%), B. Professionalism and Collaboration.
  • A teacher lets students skip the last five practice problems when the first ten are accurate, and accurate work increases. In operant conditioning, what is this? Wikipedia, "Operant conditioning", section on reinforcement and punishment. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, IV. Professional Learning, Practice, and Collaboration (19%), A. Ethical Guidelines, Legal Policies, and Procedures: historical foundational theories.
  • For a violation of the student code of conduct, school personnel may remove a child with a disability from the current placement for how long before the rules on a change of placement apply? 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.530(b). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, IV. Professional Learning, Practice, and Collaboration (19%), A. Ethical Guidelines, Legal Policies, and Procedures.
  • States must collect and examine data to find significant disproportionality based on race and ethnicity. In which areas? 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.646(a). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, IV. Professional Learning, Practice, and Collaboration (19%), A. Ethical Guidelines, Legal Policies, and Procedures.
  • Under the Section 504 regulations, a person has a disability when a physical or mental impairment does what? 34 CFR Part 104 (Section 504 regulations), section 104.3(j). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, IV. Professional Learning, Practice, and Collaboration (19%), A. Ethical Guidelines, Legal Policies, and Procedures.
  • Which children must a state's child find policies reach? 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.111(a). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, IV. Professional Learning, Practice, and Collaboration (19%), A. Ethical Guidelines, Legal Policies, and Procedures.
  • Which statement is part of the IDEA definition of a free appropriate public education? 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.17. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5355, IV. Professional Learning, Practice, and Collaboration (19%), A. Ethical Guidelines, Legal Policies, and Procedures.

How this list was compiled: Our own questions, written to the content topics of the ETS Study Companion for Praxis Special Education: Foundational Knowledge (5355) (https://www.ets.org/pdfs/praxis/5355.pdf, read 2026-10-09; test page https://praxis.ets.org/test/5355.html): Human Development and Individual Learning Differences 26%, Effective Planning and Instruction and Productive Learning Environments 32%, Assessment 23%, Professional Learning, Practice, and Collaboration 19%. The bank holds 16, 19, 14 and 11 questions. Every fact was read on 2026-10-09 in the public document the question names: the IDEA regulations (34 CFR Parts 300 and 303), the Section 504 regulations (34 CFR Part 104), the FERPA regulations (34 CFR Part 99) and 34 CFR 200.6, all on ecfr.gov as current on 2026-10-07; three What Works Clearinghouse practice guides of the Institute of Education Sciences (ies.ed.gov); the Head Start Early Learning Outcomes Framework (headstart.gov); the tiered framework page of the Center on PBIS (pbis.org); and three Wikipedia articles for the named theories and the kinds of test. Licence: Questions, choices and explanations are original work of this site.

How it works

This free Praxis 5354 practice test follows the outline of Special Education: Foundational Knowledge (5355), the special education test ETS lists today: 60 questions of our own, each with its public source. It is unofficial and not affiliated with, endorsed by or sponsored by ETS.

Read the full guide

What the test covers

ETS lists four categories for 5355, by the Study Companion read October 9, 2026: human development and individual learning differences (26%), planning, instruction and learning environments (32%), assessment (23%) and professional learning, practice and collaboration (19%). This bank holds 16, 19, 14 and 11 questions.

Timing

Exam mode asks the 60 questions here in 60 minutes: half the length of the real test at the same pace.

Where the answers come from

Law questions were written from the federal regulations for IDEA, Section 504 and FERPA, and each explanation gives the section number. Most teaching questions come from Institute of Education Sciences practice guides on reading, mathematics and behavior.

  • ETS says the test focuses on mild-to-moderate disabilities, with some questions on severe-to-profound disabilities.
  • Many law questions turn on a number, such as 60 days, 10 school days or 3 years. Learn which rule each one belongs to.

Questions and answers

Is Praxis 5354 the same test as 5355?

They carry different codes and names. On October 9, 2026 the ETS site had no test page for 5354, Special Education: Core Knowledge and Applications. The special education knowledge test it lists is 5355. Ask your state agency which code it accepts.

Is this 5354 Praxis practice test the real exam?

No. These are our own questions on the content topics ETS publishes for test 5355. Nothing is taken or reworded from a real test or from ETS sample questions, and a score here says nothing about a score there.

How many questions are on the Praxis special education test?

Special Education: Foundational Knowledge has 120 selected-response questions in 2 hours, delivered on a computer. ETS says the test may contain some questions that do not count toward your score.

What is a passing score for the Praxis special education test?

It depends on where you will be licensed. ETS leaves passing scores to each state or licensing agency, and they vary. Exam mode gives the number right and no pass verdict.

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