A fourth grader wants to find every page on which her science book mentions erosion. Which text feature should she use?Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts, Reading: Informational Text, grade 2, standard 5. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, I. Reading and Language Arts, B. Reading: Literature and Informational Text, topic 2 (text features).
A second grader reads every word correctly but in a flat voice and runs straight through the periods. Which part of oral reading fluency needs practice?Institute of Education Sciences, Foundational Skills to Support Reading for Understanding in Kindergarten Through 3rd Grade (2016), recommendation 4. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, I. Reading and Language Arts, A. Reading: Foundational Skills, topic 3 (fluency).
A student researching her town uses a letter that a resident wrote in 1890 and a history of the town published last year. How are the two sources classified?Library of Congress, research guide: Student Resources, Primary Sources. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, I. Reading and Language Arts, C. Writing, topic 5 (the research process).
Show all 56 questions (53 more)
Reading and language arts, continued
A teacher says the word "ship" and asks students to say each of its sounds in order: /sh/ /i/ /p/. Which phonemic awareness skill are they practicing?Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts, Reading: Foundational Skills, grade 1, standard 2. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, I. Reading and Language Arts, A. Reading: Foundational Skills, topic 1 (phonological awareness).
A teacher says, "Say cat. Now change /k/ to /h/. What is the new word?" Which skill is this task building?Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts, Reading: Foundational Skills, kindergarten, standard 2. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, I. Reading and Language Arts, A. Reading: Foundational Skills, topic 1 (phonological awareness).
A teacher weighs her students' motivation, their background knowledge and the purpose of the assignment when she chooses a book. Which factor of text complexity is she considering?Common Core State Standards Initiative, Measuring Text Complexity: Three Factors. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, I. Reading and Language Arts, B. Reading: Literature and Informational Text, topic 5 (text complexity).
A third grader writes, "Our class should get a pet because pets teach responsibility." Which type of writing is this?Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts, Writing, grades K to 5, standard 1. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, I. Reading and Language Arts, C. Writing, topic 1 (types of writing).
According to the Common Core writing standards, which combination do kindergartners use to compose an opinion piece?Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts, Writing, kindergarten, standard 1. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, I. Reading and Language Arts, C. Writing, topic 3 (developmental stages of writing).
After drafting a report, a student moves a paragraph, adds an example and cuts an idea she had stated twice. Which part of the writing process is this?Institute of Education Sciences, Teaching Elementary School Students to Be Effective Writers (2012, revised 2018), recommendation 2. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, I. Reading and Language Arts, C. Writing, topic 2 (planning, revising and editing).
During a partner discussion, which behavior shows active listening?Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts, Speaking and Listening, grade 4, standard 1. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, I. Reading and Language Arts, E. Speaking and Listening, topic 1 (collaboration and active listening).
The first syllable of "program" (pro-gram) ends with a long vowel sound spelled with a single vowel letter. Which syllable pattern is this?Institute of Education Sciences, Foundational Skills to Support Reading for Understanding in Kindergarten Through 3rd Grade (2016), recommendation 3. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, I. Reading and Language Arts, A. Reading: Foundational Skills, topic 2 (phonics and word analysis).
In the sentence "The puppy slept under the table," which word is a preposition?Purdue Online Writing Lab, Parts of Speech Overview. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, I. Reading and Language Arts, D. Language, topic 1 (parts of speech).
In the three-tier model of vocabulary, low-frequency words found mostly in content-area books, such as "isotope" and "amoeba", belong to which tier?Colorín Colorado, Selecting Vocabulary Words to Teach English Language Learners. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, I. Reading and Language Arts, D. Language, topic 3 (tiers of vocabulary).
On the WIDA scale of English language proficiency, which level is the first, for a student who is just beginning?WIDA, Performance Definitions for the levels of English language proficiency. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, I. Reading and Language Arts, A. Reading: Foundational Skills, topic 2 (stages of language acquisition).
Passage: A young ant mocked the old ant for carrying one grain at a time. "I will carry ten at once," it said, and spilled them all along the path. By dusk the old ant's store was full. What is the moral of this fable?The answer is read from the passage printed with the question. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, I. Reading and Language Arts, B. Reading: Literature and Informational Text, topic 1 (moral and theme).
Passage: I had never seen the ocean before that morning. When the bus topped the hill, I pressed my face to the glass. From which point of view is the passage told?The answer is read from the passage printed with the question. Point of view: Purdue Online Writing Lab, Literary Terms. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, I. Reading and Language Arts, B. Reading: Literature and Informational Text, topic 3 (point of view).
Passage: Rosa zipped her coat to her chin, pulled her hat over her ears and stamped her boots on the mat before she stepped outside. What can a reader infer from these details?The answer is read from the passage printed with the question. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, I. Reading and Language Arts, B. Reading: Literature and Informational Text, topic 1 (inferences).
Passage: The Lin family's two dogs share a bed and a bowl. Pepper races to the door at every sound, while Moss lifts one ear and goes back to sleep. Which text structure does the passage use?The answer is read from the passage printed with the question. Structures: Common Core ELA, Reading: Informational Text, grade 4. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, I. Reading and Language Arts, B. Reading: Literature and Informational Text, topic 2 (organizational structures).
Read the sentence: "The wind whispered through the pines." Which type of figurative language does it use?Academy of American Poets, poets.org, glossary: Personification. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, I. Reading and Language Arts, D. Language, topic 2 (figurative language).
Which habit belongs to an engaging oral report, according to the Common Core standards for grade 4?Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts, Speaking and Listening, grade 4, standard 4. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, I. Reading and Language Arts, E. Speaking and Listening, topic 2 (oral presentations).
Mathematics 16
A car travels 156 miles on 6 gallons of gasoline. At that rate, how many miles does it travel on 1 gallon?The answer is worked out again from the numbers in the question. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, II. Mathematics, A. Numbers and Operations, topic 3 (unit rates).
A jacket priced at $40 is on sale for 15% off. What is the sale price?The answer is worked out again from the numbers in the question. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, II. Mathematics, A. Numbers and Operations, topic 3 (percent problems).
A rectangle is 3 1/2 feet long and 2 feet wide. What is its area?The answer is worked out again from the numbers in the question. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, II. Mathematics, C. Geometry and Measurement, topic 2 (area with fractional side lengths).
A right rectangular prism measures 2 cm by 3 cm by 4 cm. What is its total surface area?The answer is worked out again from the numbers in the question. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, II. Mathematics, C. Geometry and Measurement, topic 2 (surface area).
A school must take 130 students on a trip, and each bus holds 48 students. How many buses are needed?The answer is worked out again from the numbers in the question. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, II. Mathematics, A. Numbers and Operations, topic 2 (interpreting remainders).
A school play starts at 6:45 p.m. and runs for 1 hour 50 minutes. At what time does it end?The answer is worked out again from the numbers in the question. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, II. Mathematics, C. Geometry and Measurement, topic 4 (elapsed time).
A table pairs each input with an output: 1 → 5, 2 → 8, 3 → 11, 4 → 14. Which rule gives the output y for an input x?The answer is worked out again from the numbers in the question. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, II. Mathematics, B. Algebraic Thinking, topic 3 (patterns and function tables).
A teacher has 48 pencils and 72 erasers. She wants to pack identical kits and use every item. What is the greatest number of kits she can make?The answer is worked out again from the numbers in the question. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, II. Mathematics, A. Numbers and Operations, topic 4 (factors and multiples).
Each side of a square is doubled. What happens to its area?The answer is worked out again from the numbers in the question. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, II. Mathematics, C. Geometry and Measurement, topic 2 (how changing dimensions changes area).
Four test scores are 70, 80, 85 and 95. A fifth score of 20 is added. What happens to the mean?The answer is worked out again from the numbers in the question. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, II. Mathematics, D. Data, Statistics, and Probability, topic 1 (how a change in data affects the mean).
What is 2 1/2 × 1 1/5?The answer is worked out again from the numbers in the question. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, II. Mathematics, A. Numbers and Operations, topic 2 (operations on rational numbers).
What is 47,618 rounded to the nearest thousand?The answer is worked out again from the numbers in the question. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, II. Mathematics, A. Numbers and Operations, topic 1 (place value: rounding).
Which expression is equivalent to 6(2x + 3)?The answer is worked out again from the numbers in the question. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, II. Mathematics, B. Algebraic Thinking, topic 1 (the distributive property).
Which is the best estimate of 398 × 21?The answer is worked out again from the numbers in the question. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, II. Mathematics, A. Numbers and Operations, topic 5 (estimation and reasonableness).
Which number equals 3 × 10⁴ + 6 × 10² + 5?The answer is worked out again from the numbers in the question. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, II. Mathematics, A. Numbers and Operations, topic 1 (place value: powers of 10).
Which values of x make the inequality 2x + 3 > 11 true?The answer is worked out again from the numbers in the question. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, II. Mathematics, B. Algebraic Thinking, topic 2 (linear inequalities).
Social studies 10
A student says, "The library is two blocks north of the post office." Which kind of location does the statement give?National Geographic Society, Education, encyclopedic entry: Location. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, III. Social Studies, A. Geography, Anthropology, and Sociology, topic 1 (absolute and relative location).
The president vetoes a bill. Under the Constitution, how can the bill still become law?National Archives, The Constitution of the United States: A Transcription, Article I, section 7. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, III. Social Studies, D. Government, Citizenship, and Democracy, topic 1 (checks and balances).
The Roman Republic, which lasted from 509 B.C.E. to 27 B.C.E., is one of the earliest examples of which form of government?National Geographic Society, Education, encyclopedic entry: Roman Republic. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, III. Social Studies, B. World History, topic 1 (classical civilizations).
Under the Tenth Amendment, who holds the powers that the Constitution neither gives to the United States nor denies to the states?National Archives, The Bill of Rights: A Transcription. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, III. Social Studies, D. Government, Citizenship, and Democracy, topic 1 (federalism).
What did the Emancipation Proclamation of January 1, 1863, declare?National Archives, Milestone Documents: Emancipation Proclamation (1863) and 13th Amendment (1865). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, III. Social Studies, C. United States History, topic 3 (the Civil War).
What do economists call the tax and spending policies of a national government?Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, FAQ: the difference between monetary policy and fiscal policy. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, III. Social Studies, E. Economics, topic 3 (the government's role: taxing and spending).
What was the purpose of the Marshall Plan, which President Truman signed in 1948?National Archives, Milestone Documents: Marshall Plan (1948). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, III. Social Studies, B. World History, topic 2 (the World Wars and the Cold War).
Which kind of map uses contour lines to show the shape and elevation of the land?U.S. Geological Survey, FAQ: What is a topographic map?. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, III. Social Studies, A. Geography, Anthropology, and Sociology, topic 1 (types of maps).
Which settlement, begun by 104 English men and boys in 1607, became the first permanent English settlement in North America?National Park Service, Historic Jamestowne: A Short History of Jamestown. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, III. Social Studies, C. United States History, topic 1 (European colonization of North America).
Which statement is an opinion and not a fact?National Archives, Milestone Documents: Marshall Plan and 13th Amendment; National Park Service, A Short History of Jamestown. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, III. Social Studies, F. Social Studies as Inquiry, topic 2 (fact and opinion).
Science 10
A liquid has a pH of 3. How is it classified?U.S. Geological Survey, Water Science School: pH and Water. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, IV. Science, C. Physical Sciences, topic 3 (acids, bases and the pH scale).
A town draws its electricity from four sources. Which one is nonrenewable?U.S. Energy Information Administration, Energy Explained: Sources of energy. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, IV. Science, D. Impact of Science and Technology on Society, topic 1 (energy resources).
In a population of beetles, some are green and some are brown, birds eat more of the green ones, and color is passed to offspring. Over generations brown beetles become more common. Which process is this?University of California Museum of Paleontology, Understanding Evolution: Natural selection. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, IV. Science, B. Life Sciences, topic 2 (natural selection).
In photosynthesis, plants use sunlight, water and which gas to make sugar and oxygen?National Geographic Society, Education, encyclopedic entry: Photosynthesis. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, IV. Science, B. Life Sciences, topic 1 (cell processes: photosynthesis).
What causes the rise and fall of ocean tides?NOAA National Ocean Service, What are tides?. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, IV. Science, A. Earth and Space Science, topic 2 (tides).
Which particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?U.S. Energy Information Administration, Energy Explained: The science of electricity. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, IV. Science, C. Physical Sciences, topic 1 (the atomic model).
Which property of a sound wave do listeners hear as pitch?National Park Service, Natural Sounds: Understanding Sound. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, IV. Science, C. Physical Sciences, topic 5 (characteristics of sound).
Which statement correctly compares a scientific theory with a hypothesis?University of California Museum of Paleontology, Understanding Science: Science at multiple levels. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, IV. Science, E. Science as Inquiry and Science Processes, topic 1 (hypotheses, theories and laws).
Which term names the basic unit of inheritance that parents pass to their offspring?National Human Genome Research Institute, Talking Glossary: Gene. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, IV. Science, B. Life Sciences, topic 2 (genetics).
Which type of rock forms when hot, molten rock crystallizes and solidifies?U.S. Geological Survey, FAQ: What are igneous rocks? and What are metamorphic rocks?. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5018, IV. Science, A. Earth and Space Science, topic 1 (rocks and minerals).
How this list was compiled: Our own questions, written to the test specifications of the ETS Study Companion for Praxis Elementary Education: Content Knowledge (5018) (https://www.ets.org/pdfs/praxis/5018.pdf, read 2026-10-13; test page https://praxis.ets.org/test/5018.html). The test has 140 questions in 150 minutes: Reading and Language Arts 49, Mathematics 41, Social Studies 25, Science 25. The bank holds 20, 16, 10 and 10 questions. Every fact was read on 2026-10-13 on the public page the question names: the Common Core State Standards, practice guides of the Institute of Education Sciences, WIDA, the Library of Congress, the Purdue Online Writing Lab, the Academy of American Poets, Colorín Colorado, the National Archives, the National Park Service, the Federal Reserve Board, the U.S. Geological Survey, NOAA, the National Human Genome Research Institute, the Energy Information Administration, the National Geographic Society and the University of California Museum of Paleontology. Every mathematics answer is worked out again from the numbers in the question, and where a question prints a passage of our own the answer is read from that passage. Licence: Questions, choices and explanations are original work of this site.
How it works
This free Praxis 5018 practice test has 56 questions of our own on the four subjects of Elementary Education: Content Knowledge, in the ETS outline's proportions. It is unofficial and not affiliated with, endorsed by or sponsored by ETS.
Read the full guide
What the test covers
ETS splits test 5018 four ways, by the Study Companion read October 13, 2026: reading and language arts 49 questions, mathematics 41, social studies 25 and science 25. This bank holds 20, 16, 10 and 10.
Timing
Exam mode asks the 56 questions here in 60 minutes, the pace of the real test.
Subject knowledge, not teaching methods
The questions ask what the subjects hold: phonemes and syllable patterns, fractions and area, founding documents, rocks and atoms. Each explanation names the public page its fact was read on, and every mathematics answer is recomputed.
The real test supplies a scientific calculator on screen, so practice the mathematics questions with one at hand.
Some real mathematics questions ask you to type a number. Every question here offers four choices.
Questions and answers
Is this Praxis practice test 5018 the real exam?
No. All 56 questions were written for this site from the test specifications ETS publishes for test 5018. None repeats or rewords a real test question or an ETS sample question, and a result here does not forecast a real score.
How many questions are on the Praxis 5018?
140, delivered on a computer. ETS says the test may include some questions that do not count toward your score.
What is the difference between Praxis 5018 and 5001?
Both cover reading and language arts, mathematics, social studies and science. Test 5001 gives them as four separately timed subjects over 4 hours 35 minutes. Test 5018 is one test on one 150-minute clock. Your state or agency decides which it requires.
What score do I need to pass Praxis 5018?
ETS does not set one. Passing scores vary by state, so look up the requirement of the state or agency that will license you. The result here is the number right, with no verdict.