A child comes to school hungry and tired each morning and cannot attend to circle time. In Maslow's hierarchy, which needs sit at the base and come first?Wikipedia, "Maslow's hierarchy of needs", lead section. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, I. Childhood Development and Learning (17%), A.2. factors that affect children's motivation.
A four-year-old on the telephone nods instead of saying yes, not realizing that the listener cannot see her. Which term from Piaget's theory fits?Wikipedia, "Piaget's theory of cognitive development", section on the preoperational stage. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, I. Childhood Development and Learning (17%), A. children's characteristics and needs.
A kindergartner cannot yet zip his coat alone but can do it when a teacher starts the zipper for him. In Vygotsky's terms, where does zipping the coat sit for this child?Wikipedia, "Zone of proximal development", lead section. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, I. Childhood Development and Learning (17%), E. applying developmental knowledge: achievable and challenging experiences.
Show all 60 questions (57 more)
Child development and learning, continued
A nine-month-old cries when a familiar caregiver leaves the room. How does the Head Start framework treat this reaction?Head Start Early Learning Outcomes Framework: Ages Birth to Five (Office of Head Start, 2015), Social and Emotional Development, Goal IT-SE 1. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, I. Childhood Development and Learning (17%), D. typical and atypical development.
A preschool enrolls several children who speak a language other than English at home. Under the Head Start standards, how must the program regard their two languages?Head Start Program Performance Standards, 45 CFR 1302.31, paragraph (b)(2). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, I. Childhood Development and Learning (17%), D. typical and atypical development: dual-language learners.
A ten-month-old lifts a blanket to find a toy that he watched an adult hide under it. Which development in Piaget's theory does this show?Wikipedia, "Piaget's theory of cognitive development", section on the sensorimotor stage. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, I. Childhood Development and Learning (17%), A. children's characteristics and needs.
According to the Head Start framework, a preschooler's growing working memory improves her ability to follow multi-step directions and to learn math concepts. What does this example illustrate?Head Start Early Learning Outcomes Framework: Ages Birth to Five (Office of Head Start, 2015), introduction, the central domains. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, I. Childhood Development and Learning (17%), A. children's characteristics and needs: interrelated areas of development.
According to the Head Start framework, what is typical of a three-year-old (36 to 48 months) in managing emotions?Head Start Early Learning Outcomes Framework: Ages Birth to Five (Office of Head Start, 2015), Approaches to Learning, Goal P-ATL 1. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, I. Childhood Development and Learning (17%), A. children's characteristics and needs.
Four children build a pretend restaurant and give out the roles of cook, server and customers. Which of Parten's types of play is this?Wikipedia, "Parten's stages of play", list of the six types of play. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, I. Childhood Development and Learning (17%), B.2. developmentally appropriate play.
In Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, a strong working relationship between a child's family and her teachers belongs to which system?Wikipedia, "Ecological systems theory", section on the five systems. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, I. Childhood Development and Learning (17%), B. multiple influences on development and learning.
In Erikson's theory, which psychosocial stage belongs to the play age, about three to six years?Wikipedia, "Erikson's stages of psychosocial development", section on initiative vs. guilt. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, I. Childhood Development and Learning (17%), A. children's characteristics and needs.
Two children of the same age reach the same milestone several months apart. Which guiding principle of the Head Start framework speaks to this?Head Start Early Learning Outcomes Framework: Ages Birth to Five (Office of Head Start, 2015), Guiding Principles. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, I. Childhood Development and Learning (17%), D. typical and atypical development.
Two toddlers sit side by side, each building with blocks and copying the other a little, without sharing a plan. Which of Parten's types of play is this?Wikipedia, "Parten's stages of play", list of the six types of play. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, I. Childhood Development and Learning (17%), B.2. developmentally appropriate play.
Observation and assessment 9
A child in the program speaks Vietnamese at home. How should her language skills be assessed under the Head Start standards?Head Start Program Performance Standards, 45 CFR 1302.33, paragraph (c)(2). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, II. Observation, Documentation, and Assessment (13%), B. responsible assessment practices: linguistically diverse children.
A screening and other information suggest that a four-year-old may have a developmental delay. What is the appropriate next step?Head Start Program Performance Standards, 45 CFR 1302.33, paragraph (a)(3). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, II. Observation, Documentation, and Assessment (13%), C.2. the teacher's role in screening, referral, and evaluation.
A teacher watches a child count seven bears and sees him skip one. According to the IES early math guide, how should she use what she saw?IES practice guide, Teaching Math to Young Children (2013), Recommendation 3. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, II. Observation, Documentation, and Assessment (13%), A.3. interpreting observations to inform instructional decisions.
A toddler is referred to the state's early intervention program. Within how many days of the referral must the evaluation, the assessments and the first IFSP meeting be completed?34 CFR Part 303 (IDEA Part C regulations), section 303.310. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, II. Observation, Documentation, and Assessment (13%), C. screening, referral, and evaluation.
Besides a research-based standardized screening tool, what must a Head Start program use as part of a developmental screening?Head Start Program Performance Standards, 45 CFR 1302.33, paragraph (a)(2). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, II. Observation, Documentation, and Assessment (13%), D. roles of families in screening and assessment.
Under the Head Start Program Performance Standards, by when must a program complete or obtain a developmental screening for a newly enrolled child?Head Start Program Performance Standards, 45 CFR 1302.33, paragraph (a)(1). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, II. Observation, Documentation, and Assessment (13%), C.1. appropriate screening tools.
Under the Head Start standards, what must teachers tell parents about screenings and assessments?Head Start Program Performance Standards, 45 CFR 1302.34, paragraph (b)(6). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, II. Observation, Documentation, and Assessment (13%), E. two-way communication and reporting with families.
What should teachers do with the information from ongoing child assessment?Head Start Program Performance Standards, 45 CFR 1302.31, paragraph (b)(1)(iii). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, II. Observation, Documentation, and Assessment (13%), A.3. using assessment results to inform instruction.
Which requirement applies to every screening and assessment a Head Start program uses?Head Start Program Performance Standards, 45 CFR 1302.33, paragraph (c)(1). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, II. Observation, Documentation, and Assessment (13%), B. responsible assessment practices.
Developmentally appropriate practice 10
A class reads about seeds, plants beans, measures the sprouts and draws them in journals. Which guiding principle of the Head Start framework supports teaching this way?Head Start Early Learning Outcomes Framework: Ages Birth to Five (Office of Head Start, 2015), Guiding Principles. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, III. Developmentally Appropriate Practices (13%), B.4. an integrated approach to curriculum.
A four-year-old in a full-day program does not want to nap at rest time. What should the program provide?Head Start Program Performance Standards, 45 CFR 1302.31, paragraph (e)(1). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, III. Developmentally Appropriate Practices (13%), A.2. establishing schedules and routines.
A teacher helps a child finish a hard puzzle by turning two pieces the right way, then lets the child place them. In writing on the zone of proximal development, what is this guidance called?Wikipedia, "Zone of proximal development", section on scaffolding. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, III. Developmentally Appropriate Practices (13%), B.2. knowing how to scaffold and differentiate.
A teacher wants short, frequent practice in subitizing without adding a lesson. According to the IES early math guide, which part of the day offers quick opportunities for it?IES practice guide, Teaching Math to Young Children (2013), Recommendation 1. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, III. Developmentally Appropriate Practices (13%), A.2. schedules and routines.
According to the Head Start standards, schedules and learning experiences should give children adequate opportunities for what?Head Start Program Performance Standards, 45 CFR 1302.31, paragraph (c). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, III. Developmentally Appropriate Practices (13%), A.1. organizing the physical configuration.
For infants and toddlers, how should daily routines such as feeding and diapering fit into the day?Head Start Program Performance Standards, 45 CFR 1302.31, paragraph (c)(1). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, III. Developmentally Appropriate Practices (13%), A.2. establishing schedules and routines.
How should snack and meal times be used, according to the Head Start standards?Head Start Program Performance Standards, 45 CFR 1302.31, paragraph (e)(2). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, III. Developmentally Appropriate Practices (13%), A.2. establishing schedules and routines.
Which daily plan for preschoolers matches the Head Start standard for the learning environment?Head Start Program Performance Standards, 45 CFR 1302.31, paragraph (c)(2). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, III. Developmentally Appropriate Practices (13%), A.3. matching learning configurations to children's needs.
Which schedule follows the IES practice guide on teaching math to young children?IES practice guide, Teaching Math to Young Children (2013), Recommendation 5. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, III. Developmentally Appropriate Practices (13%), B.4. an integrated approach to curriculum.
Why do the Head Start standards tell programs to change classroom materials intentionally and periodically?Head Start Program Performance Standards, 45 CFR 1302.31, paragraph (d). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, III. Developmentally Appropriate Practices (13%), A.1. organizing the physical configuration.
Professionalism, family and community 9
A four-year-old shows persistent and serious behavior problems. Under the Head Start standards, what may the program not do?Head Start Program Performance Standards, 45 CFR 1302.17, paragraph (b). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, IV. Professionalism, Family, and Community (13%), A. ethical standards and professional guidelines.
A preschool teacher has reason to suspect that a child is being abused. What do mandated reporting laws require of professionals such as teachers?Child Welfare Information Gateway (HHS Children's Bureau), Mandated Reporting, page introduction. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, IV. Professionalism, Family, and Community (13%), A.2. relevant laws and professional responsibilities: mandatory reporting.
A program is helping families get ready for the move to kindergarten. Under the Head Start standards, what must its work with parents do?Head Start Program Performance Standards, 45 CFR 1302.71, paragraph (b). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, IV. Professionalism, Family, and Community (13%), F.3. transitions within and among programs.
A two-year-old in early intervention may be eligible for preschool special education. When must the lead agency notify the state and local education agencies?34 CFR Part 303 (IDEA Part C regulations), section 303.209(b). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, IV. Professionalism, Family, and Community (13%), A.2. relevant laws: IDEA; F.3. transitions among programs.
How do the Head Start standards describe the role of parents in their children's learning?Head Start Program Performance Standards, 45 CFR 1302.34, paragraph (a). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, IV. Professionalism, Family, and Community (13%), F. involving families in children's development and learning.
Under FERPA, when do the rights of parents over education records transfer to the student?34 CFR Part 99 (FERPA regulations), sections 99.3 and 99.5. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, IV. Professionalism, Family, and Community (13%), A.2. relevant laws: FERPA.
Under the FERPA regulations, what must a school generally have before it discloses personally identifiable information from a child's education records?34 CFR Part 99 (FERPA regulations), section 99.30. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, IV. Professionalism, Family, and Community (13%), A.2. relevant laws: confidentiality and FERPA.
Under the Head Start standards, how often must teachers hold parent conferences?Head Start Program Performance Standards, 45 CFR 1302.34, paragraph (b)(3). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, IV. Professionalism, Family, and Community (13%), E. respectful, reciprocal relationships with families.
Which act by a staff member do the Head Start standards of conduct forbid?Head Start Program Performance Standards, 45 CFR 1302.90, paragraph (c), standards of conduct. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, IV. Professionalism, Family, and Community (13%), A. ethical standards and professional guidelines.
Literacy and mathematics 19
A child says "one, two, three, four" but touches some blocks twice and skips others. Which counting skill needs work?Head Start Early Learning Outcomes Framework: Ages Birth to Five (Office of Head Start, 2015), Cognition, Goal P-MATH 3. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, V. Content Pedagogy and Knowledge (24%), B. Mathematics, 1. counting and cardinality.
A child says that a triangle turned point-down "is not a triangle anymore." Which kindergarten geometry expectation addresses this?Common Core State Standards for Mathematics, kindergarten, Geometry, standard 2. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, V. Content Pedagogy and Knowledge (24%), B. Mathematics, 5. geometry.
A class lines up boy, girl, boy, girl. According to the IES early math guide, what should children try once this simple pattern is familiar?IES practice guide, Teaching Math to Young Children (2013), Recommendation 2. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, V. Content Pedagogy and Knowledge (24%), B. Mathematics, 2. operations and algebraic thinking: patterns.
A kindergartner shows 14 as one group of ten counters and four more. In which Common Core domain does this work sit?Common Core State Standards for Mathematics, kindergarten, Number and Operations in Base Ten, standard 1. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, V. Content Pedagogy and Knowledge (24%), B. Mathematics, 3. numbers and operations in base 10.
A kindergartner tells how a caterpillar became a butterfly, putting the events in order. Which language skill from the IES foundational skills guide is this?IES practice guide, Foundational Skills to Support Reading for Understanding in Kindergarten Through 3rd Grade (2016), Recommendation 1. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, V. Content Pedagogy and Knowledge (24%), A. Language and Literacy, 1. communication concepts.
A teacher explains that letters and letter patterns stand for the sounds of spoken words. What is this understanding called?IES practice guide, Foundational Skills to Support Reading for Understanding in Kindergarten Through 3rd Grade (2016), Recommendation 2. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, V. Content Pedagogy and Knowledge (24%), A. Language and Literacy, 2. emergent reading.
A teacher flashes a card with three dots, and a child says "three" at once without counting. What is this skill called?IES practice guide, Teaching Math to Young Children (2013), Recommendation 1. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, V. Content Pedagogy and Knowledge (24%), B. Mathematics, 1. counting and cardinality.
According to the Common Core standards, what should a kindergartner identify in a story with prompting and support?Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts and Literacy, Reading: Literature, kindergarten, standard 3. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, V. Content Pedagogy and Knowledge (24%), A. Language and Literacy, 3. literature and informational text.
After counting five cars correctly, a child is asked "How many cars?" and starts counting again from one. Which idea has she not yet grasped?Head Start Early Learning Outcomes Framework: Ages Birth to Five (Office of Head Start, 2015), Cognition, Goal P-MATH 3. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, V. Content Pedagogy and Knowledge (24%), B. Mathematics, 1. counting and cardinality.
By about 60 months, which phonological skill does the Head Start framework list as an indicator?Head Start Early Learning Outcomes Framework: Ages Birth to Five (Office of Head Start, 2015), Language and Literacy, Goal P-LIT 1. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, V. Content Pedagogy and Knowledge (24%), A. Language and Literacy, 2. emergent reading.
By the end of kindergarten, the Common Core standards expect children to count to what number by ones and by tens?Common Core State Standards for Mathematics, kindergarten, Counting and Cardinality, standard 1. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, V. Content Pedagogy and Knowledge (24%), B. Mathematics, 1. counting and cardinality.
By the end of kindergarten, which print concept do the Common Core standards expect?Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts and Literacy, Reading: Foundational Skills, kindergarten, standard 1. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, V. Content Pedagogy and Knowledge (24%), A. Language and Literacy, 2. emergent reading.
During a read-aloud a teacher asks, "Why do you think the bear hid the honey? What else could he have done?" Which kind of language is she building?IES practice guide, Foundational Skills to Support Reading for Understanding in Kindergarten Through 3rd Grade (2016), Recommendation 1. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, V. Content Pedagogy and Knowledge (24%), A. Language and Literacy, 1. communication concepts.
How do the Common Core standards expect kindergartners to compose an opinion piece?Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts and Literacy, Writing, kindergarten, standard 1. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, V. Content Pedagogy and Knowledge (24%), A. Language and Literacy, writing.
Two kindergartners stand back to back to see who is taller. Which Common Core measurement expectation is this?Common Core State Standards for Mathematics, kindergarten, Measurement and Data, standard 2. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, V. Content Pedagogy and Knowledge (24%), B. Mathematics, 4. measurement and data.
Which capitalization convention do the Common Core standards set for kindergarten?Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts and Literacy, Language, kindergarten, standard 2. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, V. Content Pedagogy and Knowledge (24%), A. Language and Literacy, writing.
Which discussion rule do the Common Core standards name for kindergarten conversations?Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts and Literacy, Speaking and Listening, kindergarten, standard 1. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, V. Content Pedagogy and Knowledge (24%), A. Language and Literacy, 1. communication concepts.
Which task shows phonological awareness in a four-year-old?Head Start Early Learning Outcomes Framework: Ages Birth to Five (Office of Head Start, 2015), Language and Literacy, Goal P-LIT 1. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, V. Content Pedagogy and Knowledge (24%), A. Language and Literacy, 2. emergent reading.
Within what number do the Common Core standards expect kindergartners to add and subtract fluently?Common Core State Standards for Mathematics, kindergarten, Operations and Algebraic Thinking, standard 5. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5024, V. Content Pedagogy and Knowledge (24%), B. Mathematics, 2. operations and algebraic thinking.
How this list was compiled: Our own questions, written to the content topics of the ETS Study Companion for Praxis Education of Young Children (5024) (https://www.ets.org/pdfs/praxis/5024.pdf, read 2026-10-09; test page https://praxis.ets.org/test/5024.html): Childhood Development and Learning 25 selected-response questions, Observation, Documentation, and Assessment 19, Developmentally Appropriate Practices 19, Professionalism, Family, and Community 19, Content Pedagogy and Knowledge 38; the three constructed-response questions (Knowledge of Teaching) are not in the bank. The bank holds 13, 9, 10, 9 and 19 questions. Every fact was read on 2026-10-09 in the public document the question names: the Head Start Early Learning Outcomes Framework and six sections of the Head Start Program Performance Standards (headstart.gov), two What Works Clearinghouse practice guides of the Institute of Education Sciences (ies.ed.gov), the Common Core State Standards (thecorestandards.org), the IDEA Part C and FERPA regulations (ecfr.gov, current on 2026-10-07), the Child Welfare Information Gateway (childwelfare.gov) and six Wikipedia articles for the named theories of development and play. Licence: Questions, choices and explanations are original work of this site.
How it works
This free Praxis 5024 practice test has 60 questions of our own on teaching children from birth to age eight, spread like the five selected-response categories of the ETS outline. It is unofficial and not affiliated with, endorsed by or sponsored by ETS.
Read the full guide
What the test covers
By the Study Companion read October 9, 2026, the selected-response questions of Education of Young Children fall in five categories: childhood development and learning (25), observation, documentation and assessment (19), developmentally appropriate practices (19), professionalism, family and community (19) and content pedagogy and knowledge (38). This bank holds 13, 9, 10, 9 and 19.
Timing and the written questions
Exam mode asks these 60 questions in 60 minutes. The three written questions of the real test, about 20% of the examination, are not in the bank.
Where the answers come from
Each explanation names its public source: the Head Start Early Learning Outcomes Framework and Program Performance Standards, federal regulations, practice guides of the Institute of Education Sciences, the Common Core standards and, for the named theories, Wikipedia articles.
ETS says the test is based on an approach that keeps young children actively involved in play and child-centered activities.
The outline runs from birth to age eight, so expect infants and toddlers as well as the early grades.
Questions and answers
Is this Praxis 5024 practice test free?
Yes, with no sign-up. It is not the real exam: every question was written for this site from the ETS content topics, and none repeats or rewords a real test question or an ETS sample question.
How many questions are on the Praxis 5024?
120 selected-response questions and 3 constructed-response questions in 2 hours 30 minutes. ETS expects about 120 minutes on the first kind and 30 on the second, and the sections are not independently timed.
What does this Praxis practice test 5024 cover?
How young children develop and learn, how teachers observe and assess them, classroom practice, work with families, and early literacy and mathematics. Theorists such as Piaget, Vygotsky and Erikson appear in the first category.
What is the passing score for Praxis 5024?
ETS does not set one. Each state or licensing agency chooses its own qualifying score. A timed round here ends with the number you got right and no pass verdict.