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Praxis 5322 Study Guide

Unofficial practice questions for Praxis Special Education: Teaching Students with Intellectual Disabilities, each with its source.

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According to MedlinePlus, who is usually more severely affected by fragile X syndrome?

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Unofficial practice questions, not affiliated with ETS (Educational Testing Service). Bank checked October 14, 2026.

Next step Praxis 5547: severe to profoundPraxis special education (5355)

All 45 questions with answers

Development and characteristics 8

  • A student learns to count out coins at her desk and then does it at the school store, where the coins and the task are almost the same. What kind of transfer of learning is this? Answer: Near transfer. Source: Wikipedia, Transfer of learning, Types. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5322, I. Development and Characteristics of Students with Intellectual Disabilities (18%), B. Theoretical Approaches to Learning and Motivation, topic 1.
  • A teenager with an intellectual disability is easily talked into handing over his lunch money. In the AAIDD list of adaptive skills, which group covers gullibility and avoiding being victimized? Answer: Social skills. Source: AAIDD, Defining Criteria for Intellectual Disability, Adaptive Behavior. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5322, I. Development and Characteristics of Students with Intellectual Disabilities (18%), A. Human Development and Behavior, topic 3.
  • The AAIDD says intellectual disability originates during the developmental period. How does it define that period? Answer: Before the age of 22. Source: AAIDD, Defining Criteria for Intellectual Disability, Age of Onset. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5322, I. Development and Characteristics of Students with Intellectual Disabilities (18%), A. Human Development and Behavior, topic 2.
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Development and characteristics, continued

  • About what share of cases of intellectual disability are caused by a genetic disorder? Answer: About a quarter. Source: Wikipedia, Intellectual disability, lead. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5322, I. Development and Characteristics of Students with Intellectual Disabilities (18%), A. Human Development and Behavior, topic 5.
  • According to MedlinePlus, who is usually more severely affected by fragile X syndrome? Answer: Males. Source: MedlinePlus Genetics, Fragile X syndrome, Description. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5322, I. Development and Characteristics of Students with Intellectual Disabilities (18%), A. Human Development and Behavior, topic 4.
  • How does the AAIDD relate intellectual disability to developmental disabilities? Answer: It is one of several conditions known together as developmental disabilities. Source: AAIDD, Defining Criteria for Intellectual Disability, Age of Onset. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5322, I. Development and Characteristics of Students with Intellectual Disabilities (18%), A. Human Development and Behavior, topic 4.
  • In Kohlberg's stages of moral development, which orientation is the first stage of the pre-conventional level? Answer: Obedience and punishment. Source: Wikipedia, Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development, Stages. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5322, I. Development and Characteristics of Students with Intellectual Disabilities (18%), A. Human Development and Behavior, topic 1.
  • Most cases of Down syndrome result from trisomy 21. What does trisomy 21 mean? Answer: Each cell has three copies of chromosome 21, not the usual two. Source: MedlinePlus Genetics, Down syndrome, Causes. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5322, I. Development and Characteristics of Students with Intellectual Disabilities (18%), A. Human Development and Behavior, topic 5.

Planning and the learning environment 12

  • A student who does not speak points to symbols on a communication board. A classmate who does not speak uses manual signs. Which of them is using an aided form of augmentative and alternative communication? Answer: The student with the communication board. Source: Wikipedia, Augmentative and alternative communication, Forms. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5322, II. Planning and Managing the Learning Environment (26%), A. Curriculum Development, topic 6.
  • A teacher offers the same lesson in print, as audio and as a captioned video, so that every student has a way to take in the content. Which principle of Universal Design for Learning is this? Answer: Multiple means of representation. Source: Wikipedia, Universal Design for Learning, lead. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5322, II. Planning and Managing the Learning Environment (26%), A. Curriculum Development, topic 2.
  • A teacher plans lessons on riding the city bus, following a daily schedule, staying safe and using a telephone. Which group of adaptive skills, in the AAIDD list, do these belong to? Answer: Practical skills. Source: AAIDD, Defining Criteria for Intellectual Disability, Adaptive Behavior. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5322, II. Planning and Managing the Learning Environment (26%), A. Curriculum Development, topic 5.
  • Discrete trial training (DTT) is a technique of which field? Answer: Applied behavior analysis. Source: Wikipedia, Discrete trial training, lead. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5322, II. Planning and Managing the Learning Environment (26%), B. Managing the Learning Environment, topic 5.
  • Under 34 CFR 300.117, what must a school ensure about meals, recess and other nonacademic activities? Answer: Each child with a disability takes part with nondisabled children to the maximum extent appropriate. Source: 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.117. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5322, II. Planning and Managing the Learning Environment (26%), B. Managing the Learning Environment, topic 1.
  • Under IDEA, an IEP's measurable annual goals must include which two kinds of goals? Answer: Academic and functional. Source: 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.320(a)(2)(i). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5322, II. Planning and Managing the Learning Environment (26%), A. Curriculum Development, topic 1.
  • Under IDEA, which of these is named first in the definition of related services? Answer: Transportation. Source: 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.34(a). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5322, II. Planning and Managing the Learning Environment (26%), A. Curriculum Development, topic 2.
  • Universal precautions are a named topic of the test outline. What does the practice aim to avoid? Answer: Contact with bodily fluids, by wearing barriers such as gloves. Source: Wikipedia, Universal precautions, lead. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5322, II. Planning and Managing the Learning Environment (26%), B. Managing the Learning Environment, topic 9.
  • What does 34 CFR 300.324 require of an IEP Team about assistive technology? Answer: To consider whether the child needs assistive technology devices and services. Source: 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.324(a)(2)(v). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5322, II. Planning and Managing the Learning Environment (26%), A. Curriculum Development, topic 7.
  • What is a student taught to do in the first phase of the Picture Exchange Communication System? Answer: Start a communication by handing over a picture of a wanted item. Source: Wikipedia, Picture Exchange Communication System, Phase 1. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5322, II. Planning and Managing the Learning Environment (26%), A. Curriculum Development, topic 6.
  • Which IDEA term covers the aids, services and other supports given in regular classes and other settings so that a child with a disability can be educated with nondisabled children? Answer: Supplementary aids and services. Source: 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.42. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5322, II. Planning and Managing the Learning Environment (26%), A. Curriculum Development, topic 2.
  • Which statement matches the usual definition of classroom management? Answer: It includes preventing disruptive behavior ahead of time and responding to it afterward. Source: Wikipedia, Classroom management, lead. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5322, II. Planning and Managing the Learning Environment (26%), B. Managing the Learning Environment, topic 2.

Instruction 12

  • A student keeps working on a jigsaw puzzle because she enjoys it, with no reward offered. Which kind of motivation is this? Answer: Intrinsic motivation. Source: Wikipedia, Motivation, Intrinsic and extrinsic. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5322, III. Instruction (26%), topic 2.
  • A student watches a short recording of a classmate washing his hands and then copies each step. Which teaching method is this? Answer: Video modeling. Source: Wikipedia, Video modeling, lead. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5322, III. Instruction (26%), topic 1.
  • A teacher gives a student ten linking cubes to join and break apart while they add. In mathematics education, what are the cubes? Answer: Manipulatives. Source: Wikipedia, Manipulative (mathematics education), lead. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5322, III. Instruction (26%), topic 7.
  • A teacher names the skill, shows each step herself and then has students practice it while she watches. What is this explicit teaching of a skill set called? Answer: Direct instruction. Source: Wikipedia, Direct instruction, lead. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5322, III. Instruction (26%), topic 1.
  • A teacher waits for a response, then gives a spoken hint, then a gesture, and only then physical guidance. Which response-prompting procedure is this? Answer: System of least prompts. Source: Wikipedia, Response-prompting procedures, System of least prompts. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5322, III. Instruction (26%), topic 9.
  • Backward design has three stages. Which one comes first? Answer: Identifying the desired results. Source: Wikipedia, Backward design, Stages. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5322, III. Instruction (26%), topic 4.
  • Before teaching hand washing, a teacher writes down every small step, from turning on the tap to drying the hands. What is this planning step called? Answer: Task analysis. Source: Wikipedia, Task analysis, lead. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5322, III. Instruction (26%), topic 5.
  • IDEA says the special education, related services and supplementary aids listed in an IEP should rest on what, to the extent practicable? Answer: Peer-reviewed research. Source: 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.320(a)(4). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5322, III. Instruction (26%), topic 9.
  • Under 34 CFR 300.39, what makes instruction "special education"? Answer: It is specially designed, at no cost to the parents, to meet the child's unique needs. Source: 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.39(a)(1). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5322, III. Instruction (26%), topic 9.
  • Under 34 CFR 300.39, where may special education instruction be conducted? Answer: In the classroom, in the home, in hospitals and institutions, and in other settings. Source: 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.39(a)(1)(i). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5322, III. Instruction (26%), topic 10.
  • What do teachers mean when they say a student has generalized a skill? Answer: He uses past learning in a new situation that he sees as similar. Source: Wikipedia, Generalization (learning), lead. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5322, III. Instruction (26%), topic 8.
  • What is the goal of a formative assessment? Answer: To monitor learning and give ongoing feedback. Source: Wikipedia, Formative assessment, lead. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5322, III. Instruction (26%), topic 13.

Assessment 7

  • According to the AAIDD, roughly which IQ test score indicates a significant limitation in intellectual functioning? Answer: Around 70, or as high as 75. Source: AAIDD, Defining Criteria for Intellectual Disability, Intellectual Functioning. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5322, IV. Assessment (16%), topic 3.
  • As part of an initial evaluation or a reevaluation, what must the IEP Team and other qualified professionals review first? Answer: Existing evaluation data on the child. Source: 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.305(a)(1). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5322, IV. Assessment (16%), topic 3.
  • How does the AAIDD say limitations in adaptive behavior can be determined? Answer: With standardized tests. Source: AAIDD, Defining Criteria for Intellectual Disability, Adaptive Behavior. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5322, IV. Assessment (16%), topic 2.
  • In interpreting evaluation data to decide eligibility, a school must draw on a variety of sources. Which of these does 34 CFR 300.306(c) name among them? Answer: Adaptive behavior. Source: 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.306(c)(1)(i). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5322, IV. Assessment (16%), topic 3.
  • Two aides watch the same student and tally hand-raising separately. Their counts agree closely. Which quality of the observation does this show? Answer: Inter-rater reliability. Source: Wikipedia, Inter-rater reliability, lead. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5322, IV. Assessment (16%), topic 1.
  • Under 34 CFR 300.173, a state must have policies and procedures designed to prevent what? Answer: Inappropriate overidentification or disproportionate representation by race and ethnicity. Source: 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.173. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5322, IV. Assessment (16%), topic 7.
  • Under 34 CFR 300.306, who decides whether a child is a child with a disability once the assessments are complete? Answer: A group of qualified professionals and the parent of the child. Source: 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.306(a)(1). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5322, IV. Assessment (16%), topic 8.

Foundations and legal rights 6

  • A transition team links a graduate with a service that helps people with disabilities to get and keep a job. What is this service called? Answer: Supported employment. Source: Wikipedia, Supported employment, lead. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5322, V. Foundations and Professional Responsibilities (14%), B. Historical and Professional Foundations, topic 10.
  • After a child is found to need special education and related services, how soon must the meeting to develop the IEP be held? Answer: Within 30 days. Source: 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.323(c)(1). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5322, V. Foundations and Professional Responsibilities (14%), A. Educational Rights for Students with Disabilities, topic 4.
  • Some IDEA rights pass from parents to the student at the age of majority. What is the latest point at which the IEP must record that the student was told so? Answer: One year before he reaches the age of majority. Source: 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.320(c). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5322, V. Foundations and Professional Responsibilities (14%), B. Historical and Professional Foundations, topic 10.
  • Unless the IEP requires some other arrangement, in which school does 34 CFR 300.116 say a child with a disability is educated? Answer: The school he or she would attend if nondisabled. Source: 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.116(c). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5322, V. Foundations and Professional Responsibilities (14%), B. Historical and Professional Foundations, topic 9.
  • Which older term does the IDEA definition itself say intellectual disability was formerly called? Answer: Mental retardation. Source: 34 CFR Part 300 (IDEA Part B regulations), section 300.8(c)(6). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5322, V. Foundations and Professional Responsibilities (14%), A. Educational Rights for Students with Disabilities, topic 1.
  • Which statement describes the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990? Answer: A civil rights law that prohibits discrimination based on disability. Source: Wikipedia, Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, lead. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5322, V. Foundations and Professional Responsibilities (14%), A. Educational Rights for Students with Disabilities, topic 6.

How this list was compiled: Our own questions, written to the content topics of the ETS Study Companion for Praxis Special Education: Teaching Students with Intellectual Disabilities (5322) (https://www.ets.org/pdfs/praxis/5322.pdf, read 2026-10-13; test page https://praxis.ets.org/test/5322.html): Development and Characteristics of Students with Intellectual Disabilities 18%, Planning and Managing the Learning Environment 26%, Instruction 26%, Assessment 16%, Foundations and Professional Responsibilities 14%. The bank holds 8, 12, 12, 7 and 6 questions. Every fact was read between 12 and 14 October 2026 in the public document the question names: the IDEA regulations (34 CFR Part 300, ecfr.gov); the defining criteria published by the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (aaidd.org); the MedlinePlus Genetics pages on Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome (National Library of Medicine); and Wikipedia articles for the named teaching procedures, theories and laws. Licence: Questions, choices and explanations are original work of this site.

How it works

Forty-five practice questions of our own for Praxis 5322, Teaching Students with Intellectual Disabilities, sorted by the five ETS content categories. This study guide is unofficial and is not affiliated with ETS.

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The five categories

The Study Companion, read October 13, 2026, weights the test like this: development and characteristics of students with intellectual disabilities 18%, planning and managing the learning environment 26%, instruction 26%, assessment 16%, foundations and professional responsibilities 14%. Our 45 questions split 8, 12, 12, 7 and 6.

Sources behind the answers

Definitions rest on the AAIDD criteria and on numbered sections of the IDEA regulations. Causes rest on MedlinePlus Genetics. Teaching terms rest on the article named under each question.

  • Know the three parts of the AAIDD definition: limits in intellectual functioning, limits in adaptive behavior, and onset before age 22.
  • Sort adaptive skills into conceptual, social and practical, and be able to place an everyday task in one of them.

Questions and answers

What does this Praxis 5322 study guide cover?

Intellectual disability from definition to classroom: the AAIDD criteria, causes such as trisomy 21, adaptive skills, prompting and task analysis, eligibility data and IDEA placement rules. A missed question names the section or page to study next.

How many questions are on Praxis 5322?

ETS lists 120 selected-response questions and a 2-hour limit, on a computer. Its companion adds that a case study of about 500 words anchors some of them and that unscored questions may be mixed in. Nothing on this page uses a case study.

Is Praxis 5322 the same test as Praxis 5355?

No. ETS lists 5322 as Special Education: Teaching Students with Intellectual Disabilities, for teachers of those students from preschool through grade 12. Test 5355, Special Education: Foundational Knowledge, is the broader test and has its own practice page here.

Who sets the passing score for Praxis 5322?

Not ETS. Its scores page says passing scores are set by each state or licensing agency and vary by state. Check the requirement where you will be licensed; this page reports only how many you got right.

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