A child of 30 months does not yet walk. Why would an early childhood teacher note this as a possible gross motor delay?Wikipedia, "Gross motor skill". Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, I. Child Development and Early Learning (21%), A.1 typical and atypical development.
A father's new night shift changes the bedtime routine at home, though his daughter never goes to his workplace. In Bronfenbrenner's theory, which system holds the workplace?Wikipedia, "Ecological systems theory". Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, I. Child Development and Early Learning (21%), B.1 major educational theories.
A toddler looks at a dog, points to it, then looks back at her father to see that he is looking too. What is this behavior called?Wikipedia, "Joint attention". Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, I. Child Development and Early Learning (21%), A.2 communication skills of children with exceptionalities, including autism spectrum disorder.
A toddler stacks two blocks alone and stacks five when her mother steadies the tower. In Vygotsky's terms, what is stacking five blocks for her right now?Wikipedia, "Zone of proximal development". Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, I. Child Development and Early Learning (21%), B.1 major educational theories.
Show all 52 questions (48 more)
Child development and early learning, continued
Each time a child hangs up his coat, the teacher adds a sticker to his chart, and he hangs it up more and more often. Which operant conditioning term fits?Wikipedia, "Operant conditioning". Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, I. Child Development and Early Learning (21%), B.1 major educational theories.
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders can occur in a person who was exposed to alcohol at which time?Wikipedia, "Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder". Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, I. Child Development and Early Learning (21%), B.2 etiologies: environmental factors.
Fragile X syndrome is caused by a variant in which gene?MedlinePlus Genetics (National Library of Medicine), Fragile X syndrome, Causes. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, I. Child Development and Early Learning (21%), B.2 etiologies: biological and genetic factors.
Most cases of Down syndrome result from which genetic difference?MedlinePlus Genetics (National Library of Medicine), Down syndrome, Causes. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, I. Child Development and Early Learning (21%), B.2 etiologies: biological and genetic factors.
Under Part C of IDEA, an infant or toddler with a disability is a child of what age who needs early intervention services?34 CFR 303.21, Infant or toddler with a disability (Legal Information Institute copy). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, I. Child Development and Early Learning (21%), A.1 typical and atypical development.
Which classroom best reflects the Montessori method?Wikipedia, "Montessori education". Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, I. Child Development and Early Learning (21%), B.1 major educational theories.
Which of these is counted among adverse childhood experiences (ACEs)?Wikipedia, "Adverse childhood experiences". Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, I. Child Development and Early Learning (21%), B.2 etiologies: trauma and adverse childhood experiences.
Which task calls mainly on fine motor skill?Wikipedia, "Fine motor skill". Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, I. Child Development and Early Learning (21%), A.3 effects of disabilities on gross motor and fine motor skills.
Curriculum, planning and instruction 12
A child aged three through five has a disability. Which document must the IEP team consider using in place of an IEP, where state policy allows and the agency and parents agree?34 CFR 300.323, When IEPs must be in effect (Legal Information Institute copy). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, II. Curriculum, Planning, and Instruction (25%), A.5 developing IFSPs and IEPs.
A child is moving from Part C early intervention to Part B preschool services. By when must an IEP, or an IFSP where that is allowed, be developed and being implemented?34 CFR 300.124, Transition of children from the Part C program to preschool programs (Legal Information Institute copy). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, II. Curriculum, Planning, and Instruction (25%), B.2 links development, learning experiences and instruction to promote transitions.
A four-year-old who does not speak points to picture symbols on a board to ask for a drink. What is this kind of communication called?Wikipedia, "Augmentative and alternative communication". Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, II. Curriculum, Planning, and Instruction (25%), B.3 communication systems that support self-determination.
A teacher introduces the word "melt" with a spoken explanation, a sequence of pictures and real ice to touch. Which principle of universal design for learning is this?CAST, The UDL Guidelines. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, II. Curriculum, Planning, and Instruction (25%), A.4 the three principles of universal design for learning.
A teacher lets children show what they learned from a story by retelling it, drawing it or acting it out. Which principle of universal design for learning is this?CAST, The UDL Guidelines. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, II. Curriculum, Planning, and Instruction (25%), A.4 the three principles of universal design for learning.
A teacher models how to hold scissors, then guides a child's hand for the first cuts. What is this tailored support from an instructor called?Wikipedia, "Instructional scaffolding". Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, II. Curriculum, Planning, and Instruction (25%), B.2 teacher-scaffolded and teacher-initiated instruction.
A toddler's outcome is to ask for things with two words. Which plan embeds practice in an everyday routine?ETS Study Companion for Praxis Special Education: Early Childhood/Early Intervention (5692), Content Topics, II. Curriculum, Planning, and Instruction (25%), A.4.c.
An IFSP team decides that one early intervention service cannot be provided in a natural environment. What must the IFSP then include?34 CFR 303.344, Content of an IFSP (Legal Information Institute copy). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, II. Curriculum, Planning, and Instruction (25%), A.5 developing IFSPs and IEPs.
How often, at the least, must an IFSP be reviewed to see how much progress is being made toward its outcomes?34 CFR 303.342, Procedures for IFSP development, review, and evaluation (Legal Information Institute copy). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, II. Curriculum, Planning, and Instruction (25%), B.5 uses data to drive progress monitoring.
Under IDEA's definition, which of these is NOT an assistive technology device?34 CFR 300.5, Assistive technology device (Legal Information Institute copy). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, II. Curriculum, Planning, and Instruction (25%), A.4 appropriate technology to support learning.
Under Part C of IDEA, which setting is a natural environment for a toddler's early intervention services?34 CFR 303.26, Natural environments (Legal Information Institute copy). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, II. Curriculum, Planning, and Instruction (25%), A.4 learning experiences in natural and inclusive environments.
Which of these must an IEP contain under the federal rule on IEP content?34 CFR 300.320, Definition of individualized education program (Legal Information Institute copy). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, II. Curriculum, Planning, and Instruction (25%), A.5 developing IFSPs and IEPs.
Assessment 10
A child care director identifies a toddler who may need early intervention. How soon must the referral to the Part C program be made?34 CFR 303.303, Referral procedures (Legal Information Institute copy). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, III. Assessment (20%), A.1 purposes of assessments: eligibility under IDEA.
A five-year-old who speaks mainly Vietnamese is referred for a special education evaluation. How must the assessments be provided and administered?34 CFR 300.304, Evaluation procedures (Legal Information Institute copy). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, III. Assessment (20%), B.3 culturally and linguistically diverse assessments to avoid bias.
A report places a child's score in relation to a large group of children of the same age. Which kind of test yields this estimate of position in a population?Wikipedia, "Norm-referenced test". Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, III. Assessment (20%), A.2 specialized terminology used in assessment.
A school gives early, systematic extra instruction to first graders who are at risk of falling below grade level, and watches how they respond. Which approach is this?Wikipedia, "Response to intervention". Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, III. Assessment (20%), A.1 purposes of assessments and data collection: Response to Intervention.
A team has one low test score for a preschooler. May it rest the finding that he is a child with a disability on that score alone?34 CFR 300.304, Evaluation procedures (Legal Information Institute copy). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, III. Assessment (20%), B.2 informal and formal assessments to make decisions.
A team records what happens around a preschooler's biting, to identify the environmental variables that control the behavior. Which process is this?Wikipedia, "Functional behavior assessment". Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, III. Assessment (20%), B.4 functional behavioral assessments to support a behavioral intervention plan.
A test given only in English is used to judge the reasoning of a child who is still learning English. Which quality of the test is most in doubt for this child?Wikipedia, "Test validity". Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, III. Assessment (20%), A.2 specialized terminology used in assessment.
In a Part C evaluation, the team offers a family-directed assessment of the family's resources, priorities and concerns. Must the family take part?34 CFR 303.321, Evaluation of the child and assessment of the child and family (Legal Information Institute copy). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, III. Assessment (20%), B.3 collaborating with families to analyze and integrate assessment data.
Under the federal rule on determining eligibility, a child must not be found to be a child with a disability if the determinant factor is which of these?34 CFR 300.306, Determination of eligibility (Legal Information Institute copy). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, III. Assessment (20%), A.3 exclusionary factors involved in eligibility and determination.
Unless the state has set its own timeframe, how soon must an initial Part B evaluation be conducted after the parent consents to it?34 CFR 300.301, Initial evaluations (Legal Information Institute copy). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, III. Assessment (20%), A.1 purposes of assessments: eligibility under IDEA.
Partnering and collaborating 10
A family speaks Somali at home. In which language must its IFSP meetings be conducted?34 CFR 303.342, Procedures for IFSP development, review, and evaluation (Legal Information Institute copy). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, IV. Partnering and Collaborating (18%), A.3 collaborative strategies that are culturally and linguistically responsive.
A father asks that the child's grandmother, who cares for her each day, come to the initial IFSP meeting. What does the rule on IFSP meetings say?34 CFR 303.343, IFSP Team meeting and periodic review (Legal Information Institute copy). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, IV. Partnering and Collaborating (18%), A.1 knowledge exchange between professionals and families.
A four-year-old with an IEP spends part of each day in a regular preschool class. Which member must her IEP team therefore include?34 CFR 300.321, IEP Team (Legal Information Institute copy). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, IV. Partnering and Collaborating (18%), A.3 working with professionals representing multiple disciplines and roles.
A mother wants her son's private speech therapist to attend his IEP meeting. Does the federal rule on the IEP team allow it?34 CFR 300.321, IEP Team (Legal Information Institute copy). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, IV. Partnering and Collaborating (18%), A.1 advocates for and supports families.
Before the lead agency convenes the conference on a toddler's move to Part B preschool services, whose approval does the rule call for?34 CFR 303.209, Transition to preschool and other programs (Legal Information Institute copy). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, IV. Partnering and Collaborating (18%), A.2 supports various transitions for young children and their families.
In Part C of IDEA, what does "multidisciplinary" mean?34 CFR 303.24, Multidisciplinary (Legal Information Institute copy). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, IV. Partnering and Collaborating (18%), A.3 teaming models with professionals from multiple disciplines.
In Part C of IDEA, what is the job of service coordination?34 CFR 303.34, Service coordination services (case management) (Legal Information Institute copy). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, IV. Partnering and Collaborating (18%), A.2 team roles and communication with families, partners and community agencies.
Under the federal rule on IFSP content, what does an IFSP state about the family, drawn from the family assessment?34 CFR 303.344, Content of an IFSP (Legal Information Institute copy). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, IV. Partnering and Collaborating (18%), A.1 considers parents' priorities, choices and goals.
What must a public agency obtain from a parent before the initial provision of special education and related services to a child?34 CFR 300.300, Parental consent (Legal Information Institute copy). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, IV. Partnering and Collaborating (18%), A.1 advocates and supports families in the identification of services.
Which service on Part C's list of early intervention services is given by social workers, psychologists and other qualified personnel to assist the family?34 CFR 303.13, Early intervention services (Legal Information Institute copy). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, IV. Partnering and Collaborating (18%), A.1 advocates and supports families in the identification of services.
Legal and ethical practices 8
A meeting to evaluate and revise an IFSP must be held at least how often?34 CFR 303.342, Procedures for IFSP development, review, and evaluation (Legal Information Institute copy). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, V. Legal and Ethical Practices and Professionalism (16%), A.4 the legal requirements for IFSPs.
A mother signed consent for her son's early intervention evaluation and now has second thoughts. What does Part C's definition of consent say?34 CFR 303.7, Consent (Legal Information Institute copy). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, V. Legal and Ethical Practices and Professionalism (16%), A.4 parental rights, legal and ethical responsibilities.
A school proposes to change a child's educational placement. What must it give the parents a reasonable time before it does so?34 CFR 300.503, Prior notice by the public agency; content of notice (Legal Information Institute copy). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, V. Legal and Ethical Practices and Professionalism (16%), A.3 the legal basis: referral, placement, due process.
In special education, what does disproportionality refer to?Wikipedia, "Disproportionality in special education". Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, V. Legal and Ethical Practices and Professionalism (16%), B.3 factors that influence a disproportion of culturally and linguistically diverse individuals.
In the Section 504 regulation, which person meets the first part of the definition of a person with a disability?34 CFR 104.3, Definitions (Legal Information Institute copy). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, V. Legal and Ethical Practices and Professionalism (16%), A.4 the legal requirements for Section 504 plans, IFSPs and IEPs.
Under the federal rule on placements, how often must the placement of a child with a disability be determined?34 CFR 300.116, Placements (Legal Information Institute copy). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, V. Legal and Ethical Practices and Professionalism (16%), A.1 the continuum of placement and the least restrictive environment.
What does Part C of IDEA say about the cost of early intervention services to families?34 CFR 303.13, Early intervention services (Legal Information Institute copy). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, V. Legal and Ethical Practices and Professionalism (16%), A.3 the legal basis of services for infants and young children.
Which professionals do mandated reporting laws often name as required to report child abuse and neglect concerns?Child Welfare Information Gateway (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services), Mandated Reporting. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5692, V. Legal and Ethical Practices and Professionalism (16%), A.2 signs of neglect and abuse and mandated reporting procedures.
How this list was compiled: Our own questions, written to the content topics of the ETS Study Companion for Praxis Special Education: Early Childhood/Early Intervention (5692) (https://www.ets.org/pdfs/praxis/5692.pdf, read 2026-10-13; test page https://praxis.ets.org/test/5692.html): five content categories, Child Development and Early Learning 21%, Curriculum, Planning, and Instruction 25%, Assessment 20%, Partnering and Collaborating 18%, Legal and Ethical Practices and Professionalism 16%. The bank holds 12, 12, 10, 10 and 8 questions. Every fact was read on 2026-10-13 on the public page the question names: the federal regulations for IDEA Part B and Part C and for Section 504 (34 CFR Parts 300, 303 and 104, in the Legal Information Institute copy, law.cornell.edu), MedlinePlus Genetics of the National Library of Medicine, the UDL Guidelines of CAST (udlguidelines.cast.org), the Child Welfare Information Gateway (childwelfare.gov) and Wikipedia articles on the theories and assessment terms. Licence: Questions, choices and explanations are original work of this site.
How it works
ETS no longer lists test 5691, Special Education: Preschool/Early Childhood. Its early childhood special education test today is 5692, and these 52 questions of our own follow that outline. Unofficial, and not affiliated with, endorsed by or sponsored by ETS.
Read the full guide
5691 and 5692
A 2022 copy of the ETS Study Companion names test 5691 Special Education: Preschool/Early Childhood. The ETS test pages read October 13, 2026 have no 5691. They have 5692, Special Education: Early Childhood/Early Intervention: 120 selected-response questions in 2 hours, on children from birth to age 8.
What 5692 covers
Child Development and Early Learning 21%, Curriculum, Planning, and Instruction 25%, Assessment 20%, Partnering and Collaborating 18%, Legal and Ethical Practices and Professionalism 16%. This bank holds 12, 12, 10, 10 and 8 questions.
Where the answers come from
Law questions cite the federal rules for IDEA Part C and Part B and for Section 504 by section number. Questions on genetic conditions cite MedlinePlus Genetics. The rest name the page each fact was read on.
About half of the law questions are on Part C: the IFSP, natural environments and the move to preschool at age three.
Ask your state's licensing agency which test code it requires before you register.
Questions and answers
Is there still a Praxis 5691 practice test?
Not for a test you can book: the ETS test pages no longer list 5691. This practice test follows the outline of 5692, the early childhood special education test ETS lists now, with 52 questions written for this site.
What should a Praxis 5691 study guide cover now?
The outline of test 5692, since ETS no longer lists 5691. Curriculum, planning and instruction and child development carry the most weight, 46% of the test together. The outline spans early intervention from birth and classrooms up to grade 3.
What does this Praxis 5692 practice test ask?
Developmental theory and milestones, the causes of some disabilities, universal design, IFSP and IEP content, evaluation rules and timelines, the family's part in meetings, consent, placement and transition at age three. Each explanation names its federal section or public source.
Is this practice test for Praxis II test 5691, Special Education: Preschool/Early Childhood?
That is the name ETS printed for test 5691 in 2022. The questions here were written to the published outline of test 5692 and do not come from either test. None rewords a real test question.
What score passes Praxis 5692?
ETS does not set one. Each state or licensing agency sets its own qualifying score, and they differ. The result on this page is a count of right answers, not a forecast.