A child's eyes are healthy on examination, yet she has trouble making sense of what she sees. What causes cerebral (cortical) visual impairment?National Eye Institute, Cerebral Visual Impairment (CVI) (read 2026-10-16). Outline: MTTC Visually Impaired (127) test objectives, objective 001 (the visual system and factors affecting development).
A fifth grader with retinitis pigmentosa still reads the board well. Where is he most likely to have trouble first?National Eye Institute, Retinitis Pigmentosa (read 2026-10-16). Outline: MTTC Visually Impaired (127) test objectives, objective 001 (the visual system and factors affecting development).
A student with low vision reads print at her desk with a hand magnifier but cannot read the board. Which optical device is meant for that distance task?Wikipedia, Monocular (read 2026-10-16). Outline: MTTC Visually Impaired (127) test objectives, objective 002 (optics, optical and nonoptical devices, and environmental adaptations).
Show all 45 questions (42 more)
The visual system and optics, continued
A student with low vision squints at a glossy worksheet at a desk that faces a sunny window. Which change to the environment should the teacher try first?The answer rests on the case printed in the question and on the wording of the objective (read 2026-10-16). Outline: MTTC Visually Impaired (127) test objectives, objective 002 (optics, optical and nonoptical devices, and environmental adaptations).
An eye report says fatty material has built up on a student's macula. Which kind of vision is this most likely to affect?National Eye Institute, Stargardt Disease (read 2026-10-16). Outline: MTTC Visually Impaired (127) test objectives, objective 001 (the visual system and factors affecting development).
Which children are at risk of retinopathy of prematurity?National Eye Institute, Retinopathy of Prematurity (read 2026-10-16). Outline: MTTC Visually Impaired (127) test objectives, objective 001 (the visual system and factors affecting development).
Which electronic device uses a camera and a display screen to enlarge a printed page placed under it?Wikipedia, Video magnifier (read 2026-10-16). Outline: MTTC Visually Impaired (127) test objectives, objective 002 (optics, optical and nonoptical devices, and environmental adaptations).
Which part of the visual system turns light into electrical signals?National Eye Institute, How the Eyes Work (read 2026-10-16). Outline: MTTC Visually Impaired (127) test objectives, objective 001 (the visual system and factors affecting development).
Assessment and individualized programs 11
A student with low vision takes a timed reading test in standard print with no accommodations and scores far below her classroom work. What is the chief concern about the score?Wikipedia, Test validity (read 2026-10-16). Outline: MTTC Visually Impaired (127) test objectives, objective 003 (assessment instruments and assessment practices).
A teacher of students with visual impairments watches a student find dropped objects, read hallway signs and follow a ball in the gym. Which assessment is this?Paths to Literacy, Functional Vision Assessments, and Michigan rule R 340.1708(2) (read 2026-10-16). Outline: MTTC Visually Impaired (127) test objectives, objective 004 (conducting assessments and interpreting and communicating results).
A two-year-old who is blind receives early intervention services at home. Which plan sets out her services?34 CFR 303.21 and 303.344, Legal Information Institute (read 2026-10-16). Outline: MTTC Visually Impaired (127) test objectives, objective 005 (developing, implementing and amending IEPs and IFSPs).
An eye report gives a student's distance acuity as 20/200. What does the notation mean?MedlinePlus, Visual acuity test (read 2026-10-16). Outline: MTTC Visually Impaired (127) test objectives, objective 003 (assessment instruments and assessment practices).
An eye report lists acuity as 'OD 20/60, OS 20/400'. Which eye sees less well at distance?Wikipedia, Eyeglass prescription (read 2026-10-16). Outline: MTTC Visually Impaired (127) test objectives, objective 003 (assessment instruments and assessment practices).
An IEP team is weighing a separate school for a student who is blind. Under IDEA, when may a child be removed from the regular educational environment?34 CFR 300.114, Legal Information Institute (read 2026-10-16). Outline: MTTC Visually Impaired (127) test objectives, objective 005 (developing, implementing and amending IEPs and IFSPs).
For a child who is blind or visually impaired, what does the federal rule on IEP development say about braille?34 CFR 300.324(a)(2)(iii), printed with the Michigan Administrative Rules for Special Education (Michigan Department of Education, May 2025) (read 2026-10-16). Outline: MTTC Visually Impaired (127) test objectives, objective 005 (developing, implementing and amending IEPs and IFSPs).
How does Michigan's rule say an orientation and mobility evaluation is to be conducted?Michigan Administrative Rules for Special Education, R 340.1708 (Michigan Department of Education, May 2025) (read 2026-10-16). Outline: MTTC Visually Impaired (127) test objectives, objective 004 (conducting assessments and interpreting and communicating results).
No one in a student's school building teaches braille. May a Michigan IEP team leave braille instruction out of her IEP for that reason?Michigan Administrative Rules for Special Education, R 340.1721e (Michigan Department of Education, May 2025) (read 2026-10-16). Outline: MTTC Visually Impaired (127) test objectives, objective 005 (developing, implementing and amending IEPs and IFSPs).
Under Michigan's rule on visual impairment, which three parts must an eligibility evaluation include?Michigan Administrative Rules for Special Education, R 340.1708 (Michigan Department of Education, May 2025) (read 2026-10-16). Outline: MTTC Visually Impaired (127) test objectives, objective 003 (assessment instruments and assessment practices).
Under Michigan's rule, for which student must a certified orientation and mobility specialist conduct an evaluation?Michigan Administrative Rules for Special Education, R 340.1708 (Michigan Department of Education, May 2025) (read 2026-10-16). Outline: MTTC Visually Impaired (127) test objectives, objective 004 (conducting assessments and interpreting and communicating results).
Instruction and the expanded core curriculum 18
A fourth grader uses a braille notetaker. Who should charge it, pack it and report a problem with it, as far as possible?The answer rests on the case printed in the question and on the wording of the objective (read 2026-10-16). Outline: MTTC Visually Impaired (127) test objectives, objective 008 (learning environments and access to instruction).
A student who is blind uses a laptop with no braille display attached. Which software speaks the text and controls on the screen aloud?Wikipedia, Screen reader (read 2026-10-16). Outline: MTTC Visually Impaired (127) test objectives, objective 007 (promoting literacy and communication skills).
A student writing with a slate and stylus starts at the upper right and forms each cell backward. Why?Wikipedia, Slate and stylus (read 2026-10-16). Outline: MTTC Visually Impaired (127) test objectives, objective 007 (promoting literacy and communication skills).
A teacher and a family plan so that a student practices folding her clothes, fixing a sandwich and counting out lunch money both at home and at school. Which area of the expanded core curriculum is this?Michigan Department of Education, Low Incidence Outreach, Expanded Core Curriculum (ECC) overview, revised June 13, 2024 (read 2026-10-16). Outline: MTTC Visually Impaired (127) test objectives, objective 009 (individualizing instruction in the expanded core curriculum).
A teacher helps a sixth grader list what she does well and what is hard for her, set a personal goal for the term and decide how she will reach it. Which area of the expanded core curriculum is this?Michigan Department of Education, Low Incidence Outreach, Expanded Core Curriculum (ECC) overview, revised June 13, 2024 (read 2026-10-16). Outline: MTTC Visually Impaired (127) test objectives, objective 009 (individualizing instruction in the expanded core curriculum).
A teacher shakes a rattle to the left of a preschooler who is blind, then to the right, and has him turn and reach for it. Which listening skill is he practicing?Wikipedia, Sound localization (read 2026-10-16). Outline: MTTC Visually Impaired (127) test objectives, objective 006 (academic, literacy and communication skills development).
A teacher shows a student who has been blind since birth how much space to leave between herself and a classmate, and when a handshake or a high five fits. Which area of the expanded core curriculum is being taught?Michigan Department of Education, Low Incidence Outreach, Expanded Core Curriculum (ECC) overview, revised June 13, 2024 (read 2026-10-16). Outline: MTTC Visually Impaired (127) test objectives, objective 009 (individualizing instruction in the expanded core curriculum).
An aide carries a student's lunch tray, opens her locker and fetches her materials every day, though she could learn each task. Which risk does this raise?Wikipedia, Learned helplessness (read 2026-10-16). Outline: MTTC Visually Impaired (127) test objectives, objective 008 (learning environments and access to instruction).
Before a read-aloud about a farm, a teacher lets a first grader who is blind handle a real ear of corn, a bucket and straw. What is the main purpose?The answer rests on the case printed in the question and on the wording of the objective (read 2026-10-16). Outline: MTTC Visually Impaired (127) test objectives, objective 006 (academic, literacy and communication skills development).
During a class party a teacher describes what classmates are doing and lets a student who is blind explore the decorations by touch. Which need is the teacher meeting?Michigan Department of Education, Low Incidence Outreach, Expanded Core Curriculum (ECC) overview, revised June 13, 2024 (read 2026-10-16). Outline: MTTC Visually Impaired (127) test objectives, objective 008 (learning environments and access to instruction).
The federal definition of orientation and mobility services names the environments in which students are to move safely. Which are they?34 CFR 300.34(c)(7), Legal Information Institute (read 2026-10-16). Outline: MTTC Visually Impaired (127) test objectives, objective 009 (individualizing instruction in the expanded core curriculum).
How does contracted braille differ from uncontracted braille in English?Wikipedia, Braille (read 2026-10-16). Outline: MTTC Visually Impaired (127) test objectives, objective 007 (promoting literacy and communication skills).
How many dot positions does a full braille cell hold, and how are they set out?Wikipedia, Braille (read 2026-10-16). Outline: MTTC Visually Impaired (127) test objectives, objective 007 (promoting literacy and communication skills).
The objective names Unified English Braille with a second code. Which braille code encodes mathematics and science notation?Wikipedia, Nemeth Braille (read 2026-10-16). Outline: MTTC Visually Impaired (127) test objectives, objective 007 (promoting literacy and communication skills).
Overnight the desks were rearranged in a room used by a student who travels with a cane. What should the teacher do first?The answer rests on the case printed in the question and on the wording of the objective (read 2026-10-16). Outline: MTTC Visually Impaired (127) test objectives, objective 008 (learning environments and access to instruction).
Which device shows a line of computer text in braille by raising pins through holes in a flat surface?Wikipedia, Refreshable braille display (read 2026-10-16). Outline: MTTC Visually Impaired (127) test objectives, objective 007 (promoting literacy and communication skills).
Which standard must states adopt so that instructional materials reach students who are blind, or have other print disabilities, in a timely manner?34 CFR 300.172, Legal Information Institute (read 2026-10-16). Outline: MTTC Visually Impaired (127) test objectives, objective 006 (academic, literacy and communication skills development).
Which tool, with a backing that keeps its beads from slipping, lets a student who is blind work arithmetic by touch?Wikipedia, Abacus (read 2026-10-16). Outline: MTTC Visually Impaired (127) test objectives, objective 009 (individualizing instruction in the expanded core curriculum).
Partnerships and professional practice 8
A family asks whether their daughter should learn braille, print or both. How should the teacher of students with visual impairments respond?The answer rests on the case printed in the question and on the wording of the objective (read 2026-10-16). Outline: MTTC Visually Impaired (127) test objectives, objective 010 (collaborative partnerships).
A paraeducator brailles worksheets and practices skills with a student under the direction of the teacher of students with visual impairments. What does the federal personnel rule ask of such an arrangement?34 CFR 300.156(b), Legal Information Institute (read 2026-10-16). Outline: MTTC Visually Impaired (127) test objectives, objective 010 (collaborative partnerships).
The parents of a first grader who has just lost her sight doubt that she will ever live on her own. Which step best answers their worry?The answer rests on the case printed in the question and on the wording of the objective (read 2026-10-16). Outline: MTTC Visually Impaired (127) test objectives, objective 010 (collaborative partnerships).
What does the Twenty-First Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act of 2010 do?Federal Communications Commission, 21st Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act (CVAA) (read 2026-10-16). Outline: MTTC Visually Impaired (127) test objectives, objective 011 (professional and ethical roles and responsibilities).
Which act of Congress, passed in 1879, made the American Printing House for the Blind the official source of educational texts and aids for students who are legally blind?Wikipedia, American Printing House for the Blind (read 2026-10-16). Outline: MTTC Visually Impaired (127) test objectives, objective 011 (professional and ethical roles and responsibilities).
Which law bars disability discrimination in any program or activity that receives federal financial assistance?29 U.S.C. 794 (Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act), Legal Information Institute (read 2026-10-16). Outline: MTTC Visually Impaired (127) test objectives, objective 011 (professional and ethical roles and responsibilities).
Which school staff does Michigan's Child Protection Law name among the people who must report suspected child abuse or neglect?Michigan Child Protection Law, MCL 722.623, Michigan Legislature (read 2026-10-16). Outline: MTTC Visually Impaired (127) test objectives, objective 011 (professional and ethical roles and responsibilities).
Which statement about families is one of the Council for Exceptional Children's ethical principles for special educators?Council for Exceptional Children, Special Education Professional Ethical Principles (read 2026-10-16). Outline: MTTC Visually Impaired (127) test objectives, objective 011 (professional and ethical roles and responsibilities).
How this list was compiled: Our own questions, written to the test objectives of the Michigan Test for Teacher Certification (MTTC) field 127, Visually Impaired, as the MTTC site prints them (https://www.mttc.nesinc.com/Content/STUDYGUIDE/MI_SG_OBJ_127.htm and the test page https://www.mttc.nesinc.com/TestView.aspx?f=HTML_FRAG/MI127_TestPage.html, read 2026-10-16): Understanding the visual system and optics as related to teaching students with visual impairments, 18%; Assessing students and developing individualized programs, 24%; Instructional planning and delivery, the learning environment, and expanded core curricula, 40%; Building collaborative partnerships and professional and ethical practice, 18%; 100 multiple-choice questions, 2 hours 30 minutes of testing time, passing score 220. This bank holds 45 questions, spread 8, 11, 18, 8 over those subareas. Every fact was read on 2026-10-16 in the public page named under its question: the Michigan Administrative Rules for Special Education with the related federal regulations (Michigan Department of Education, May 2025; rule R 340.1708 on visual impairment), the Expanded Core Curriculum overview of the Michigan Department of Education's Low Incidence Outreach, the Michigan Child Protection Law on the Michigan Legislature's site, Title 34 of the Code of Federal Regulations and 29 U.S.C. 794 at the Legal Information Institute, the National Eye Institute, MedlinePlus, the Federal Communications Commission, the Council for Exceptional Children, Paths to Literacy, and the Wikipedia article named for each remaining question. 6 questions rest on a case printed in the question and on the wording of the objective. Licence: Questions, passages, choices and explanations are original work of this site.
How it works
This MTTC Visually Impaired practice test has 45 questions of our own for field 127, which replaced field 061 in 2024. It is unofficial and not affiliated with the Michigan Department of Education or Pearson, who give the real test.
Read the full guide
What field 127 weighs
Field 127's objectives, read October 16, 2026, put 18% of the test on the visual system and optics, 24% on assessment and individualized programs, 40% on instruction, the learning environment and expanded core curricula, and 18% on partnerships and professional practice. The 45 questions here split 8, 11, 18 and 8, and the timed exam draws 40 of them for 60 minutes.
Michigan's own rules
Michigan's special education rules supply five questions: the eye report, functional vision assessment and learning media assessment that R 340.1708 requires, when and how an orientation and mobility evaluation is done, and the rule that an IEP is not limited to the services available. Four more use the expanded core curriculum overview of the state's Low Incidence Outreach.
Objective 007 names the braille codes to know: fully contracted literary Unified English Braille, UEB math and science, and UEB with Nemeth Code.
Objective 011 lists laws by name: Section 504, the ADA, IDEA, the Communications and Video Accessibility Act, and Michigan's special education rules.
Questions and answers
Is the MTTC Visually Impaired test 061 or 127?
127. The page for field 061 says that test was redeveloped and retired, with its last administration on September 29, 2024, and the updated version given from September 30, 2024. The current test list shows Visually Impaired as 127.
How many questions are on the MTTC Visually Impaired test?
The test page for field 127 gives 100 multiple-choice questions and 2 hours 30 minutes to answer them on a computer. With the 15-minute tutorial and nondisclosure agreement, the appointment comes to 2 hours 45 minutes.
What do you need to pass MTTC Visually Impaired (127)?
220 on the MTTC scale, which runs from 100 to 300. The SK endorsement at initial certification takes a second test as well, the test page says: a Professional Knowledge and Skills test, 117, 121, 135 or 136.
Is there an MTTC Visually Impaired study guide?
Yes, on the MTTC site: program and test information, advice on preparing, the objectives of field 127, and sample questions. This page is written to the objectives, and its questions are not the samples.