A long jumper begins the leap with part of the foot past the foul line. What is the ruling?Wikipedia, "Long jump", section on rules. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, I. Content Knowledge and Student Growth and Development (30%), A.7 rules, strategies and skills of track and field.
A student lifts a straight arm out to the side, away from the trunk, until it is level with the shoulder. Which movement is this?Wikipedia, "Anatomical terms of motion", section "Abduction and adduction". Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, I. Content Knowledge and Student Growth and Development (30%), A.5 anatomy and physiology.
A student serves well during one lucky class and cannot do it again the next week. Why has motor learning not yet taken place?Wikipedia, "Motor skill", lead section. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, I. Content Knowledge and Student Growth and Development (30%), A.1 motor development and motor learning.
Show all 48 questions (45 more)
Content knowledge and student growth, continued
A volleyball team wins a rally on the other team's serve and so gains the serve. What must its players do before they serve?Wikipedia, "Volleyball", section on rotation. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, I. Content Knowledge and Student Growth and Development (30%), A.7 rules, strategies and skills of volleyball.
Activity intensity is often given in METs. In the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, what is 1 MET?Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, 2nd edition (HHS, 2018), Glossary, "Metabolic equivalent of task". Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, I. Content Knowledge and Student Growth and Development (30%), A.4 exercise physiology, metabolic response to exercise.
Four swimmers enter a medley relay. In what order are the strokes swum?Wikipedia, "Medley swimming", section on the medley relay. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, I. Content Knowledge and Student Growth and Development (30%), A.7 rules, strategies and skills of swimming.
In both fast-pitch and slow-pitch softball, how does the pitcher deliver the ball to the batter?Wikipedia, "Softball", lead section. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, I. Content Knowledge and Student Growth and Development (30%), A.7 rules, strategies and skills of softball.
In soccer the ball goes out over the touchline. How must the player taking the throw-in deliver the ball?Wikipedia, "Throw-in", section on procedure. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, I. Content Knowledge and Student Growth and Development (30%), A.7 rules, strategies and skills of soccer.
In the lifting phase of an arm curl the biceps contracts and the triceps relaxes. What name is given to two muscles that work against each other this way?Wikipedia, "Anatomical terms of muscle", section on antagonistic pairs. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, I. Content Knowledge and Student Growth and Development (30%), A.5 anatomy and physiology, muscular system.
On a seesaw the pivot sits between the two riders. Which class of lever has its fulcrum between the effort and the resistance?Wikipedia, "Lever", section on the classes of levers. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, I. Content Knowledge and Student Growth and Development (30%), A.2 principles of biomechanics and kinesiology.
The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans sort the parts of fitness into two kinds. Under which kind do they list reaction time?Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, 2nd edition (HHS, 2018), Glossary, "Performance-related fitness". Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, I. Content Knowledge and Student Growth and Development (30%), A.4 components of health-related and skill-related fitness.
The server in a tennis game has won one point and the receiver none. How is the score called?Wikipedia, "Tennis scoring system", section on game score. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, I. Content Knowledge and Student Growth and Development (30%), A.7 rules, strategies and skills of tennis.
Two students jog side by side at the same pace. One finds it easy and the other is working near her limit. Which measure captures that difference?Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, 2nd edition (HHS, 2018), Glossary, "Intensity". Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, I. Content Knowledge and Student Growth and Development (30%), A.4 fitness guidelines, intensity.
Which muscle fibers make their energy mainly through long-term aerobic energy transfer, and so suit distance running?Wikipedia, "Skeletal muscle", section on fiber types. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, I. Content Knowledge and Student Growth and Development (30%), A.4 exercise physiology, roles of body systems in exercise.
Management, motivation and communication 12
A class includes students with intellectual disabilities. Which way of giving directions is a communication modification used in adapted physical education?Wikipedia, "Adapted physical education", section "Intellectual disabilities". Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, II. Management, Motivation, and Communication (25%), B.3 communication of instructional information in a variety of ways.
A class lesson is built around encouraging teammates and accepting an official's call. Which national standard for K-12 physical education does it address?SHAPE America, Grade-Level Outcomes for K-12 Physical Education (2013), National Standards, Standard 4. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, II. Management, Motivation, and Communication (25%), A.5 promotion of responsible personal and social behaviors.
A group fitness project earns one shared mark, and the teacher also checks what each member learned. Which element of cooperative learning does the individual check serve?Wikipedia, "Cooperative learning", section on the five essential elements. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, II. Management, Motivation, and Communication (25%), A.2 factors that affect group learning, participation and cooperation.
A second grader pushes to the front of every line because he has never been shown how to wait for a turn. What does the federal practice guide recommend?IES practice guide, Reducing Behavior Problems in the Elementary School Classroom (2008), Recommendation 3. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, II. Management, Motivation, and Communication (25%), A.5 encouragement of responsible personal and social behaviors.
A teacher corrects a student after every single practice serve. What does the guidance hypothesis warn may happen?Wikipedia, "Motor learning", section "Knowledge of results". Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, II. Management, Motivation, and Communication (25%), B.2 instructional feedback in skill acquisition.
A teacher tells a class, "Finish the passing drill with good form, and then we play the game you asked for." Which principle of reinforcement is this?Wikipedia, "Premack's principle", lead section. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, II. Management, Motivation, and Communication (25%), A.6 behavior management.
A teacher's note on a student reads, "Sam is always disruptive." By the federal practice guide on behavior problems, what is wrong with this description?IES practice guide, Reducing Behavior Problems in the Elementary School Classroom (2008), Recommendation 1, step 1. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, II. Management, Motivation, and Communication (25%), A.6 development and use of a behavior management plan.
After a free throw the teacher says only, "That one went in." Which kind of augmented feedback is this?Wikipedia, "Motor learning", section "Knowledge of results". Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, II. Management, Motivation, and Communication (25%), B.2 instructional feedback in skill acquisition.
National Standard 5 for K-12 physical education lists reasons a physically literate person values physical activity. Which of these is on its list?SHAPE America, Grade-Level Outcomes for K-12 Physical Education (2013), National Standards, Standard 5. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, II. Management, Motivation, and Communication (25%), A.4 motivation to participate in physical activity in and outside of school.
Six weeks into the term a class has grown slow to freeze on the stop signal. Which step does the federal practice guide give under modifying the classroom environment?IES practice guide, Reducing Behavior Problems in the Elementary School Classroom (2008), Recommendation 2. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, II. Management, Motivation, and Communication (25%), A.1 classroom management practices.
Students already love a dance unit, and the teacher plans to hand out prizes for taking part. What did Deci find about rewards for behavior that is already intrinsically motivated?Wikipedia, "Self-determination theory", section on intrinsic motivation. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, II. Management, Motivation, and Communication (25%), A.4 motivation of students to participate in physical activity.
Thirty students stand in two lines for a relay, and each runs once in five minutes. In the federal midcourse report, what do the instructional practices of enhanced physical education provide?Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans Midcourse Report (HHS, 2012), Executive Summary, school settings. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, II. Management, Motivation, and Communication (25%), A.3 organization of time, space and equipment for active learning.
Planning, instruction and assessment 12
A fitness report tells each student whether a set standard was met and makes no comparison with classmates. Which kind of test produces such a report?Wikipedia, "Criterion-referenced test", lead section. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, III. Planning, Instruction, and Student Assessment (25%), B.4 criterion-referenced and norm-referenced assessment.
A soccer unit plan has four objectives: explain the offside rule, dribble with either foot, cooperate in a small group, and name the muscles used in a kick. Which objective is in the psychomotor domain?Wikipedia, "Bloom's taxonomy", lead section. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, III. Planning, Instruction, and Student Assessment (25%), B.2 assessment of learning in the cognitive and affective domains.
A student's IEP prescribes specially designed physical education. Under 34 CFR 300.108, what must the responsible public agency do?IDEA regulations, 34 CFR 300.108, paragraph (c). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, III. Planning, Instruction, and Student Assessment (25%), B.8 appropriate assessment and services for individuals with disabilities.
A teacher mixes serves, passes and sets within one practice. Scores during the lesson dip. What is the later effect of varied practice of this kind?Wikipedia, "Motor learning", section "Structure of practice and contextual interference". Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, III. Planning, Instruction, and Student Assessment (25%), A.2 effective strategies to improve skill development.
A teacher plans a running unit for students who have been inactive. In the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, what is "overload"?Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, 2nd edition (HHS, 2018), Glossary, "Overload". Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, III. Planning, Instruction, and Student Assessment (25%), A.11 safety and injury prevention guidelines for planning fitness activities.
By the national grade-level outcomes, what will a learner be able to do by the end of grade 5?SHAPE America, Grade-Level Outcomes for K-12 Physical Education (2013), Outcomes for Elementary School Students (K to Grade 5). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, III. Planning, Instruction, and Student Assessment (25%), A.2 sequencing of motor skill activities.
The IDEA regulations define physical education. Which of these is part of the definition at 34 CFR 300.39?IDEA regulations, 34 CFR 300.39, paragraph (b)(2). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, III. Planning, Instruction, and Student Assessment (25%), A.5 laws affecting the choice of physical education activities.
In the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, sets and repetitions in muscle-strengthening activity are comparable to which component of aerobic activity?Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, 2nd edition (HHS, 2018), Glossary, "Muscle-strengthening activity". Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, III. Planning, Instruction, and Student Assessment (25%), A.4 activities designed to improve health-related fitness.
Under the Section 504 regulations, when may a school offer students with disabilities a physical education activity that is separate from the one offered to other students?Section 504 regulations, 34 CFR 104.37, paragraph (c)(2). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, III. Planning, Instruction, and Student Assessment (25%), B.9 referral procedures under IDEA and Section 504.
Which four games categories do the national grade-level outcomes for K-12 physical education use?SHAPE America, Grade-Level Outcomes for K-12 Physical Education (2013), definitions under the secondary outcomes, "Games & sports". Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, III. Planning, Instruction, and Student Assessment (25%), A.7 unit and lesson plans based on national standards.
Which purpose defines a formative assessment?Wikipedia, "Formative assessment", lead section. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, III. Planning, Instruction, and Student Assessment (25%), B.4 types of assessments and assessment methods.
Why do the national grade-level outcomes leave invasion games and fielding/striking games out of the high school outcomes?SHAPE America, Grade-Level Outcomes for K-12 Physical Education (2013), note under the secondary outcomes. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, III. Planning, Instruction, and Student Assessment (25%), A.6 program and instructional goals and objectives.
Collaboration, reflection and technology 10
A department wants an objective record of how much students move. Which device did a national study cited in the federal midcourse report use to measure youth activity objectively?Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans Midcourse Report (HHS, 2012), Introduction, "Current Levels of Physical Activity Among Youth". Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, IV. Collaboration, Reflection, and Technology (20%), C.2 use of technologies to assess and keep records.
A district reviews its interscholastic and intramural programs. Which factor is on the Title IX regulation's list for judging equal athletic opportunity?Title IX regulations, 34 CFR 106.41, paragraph (c). Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, IV. Collaboration, Reflection, and Technology (20%), A.4 promotion of a variety of opportunities for physical activity.
A physical educator sits on a student's IEP team. Which of these must the team consider when it develops the IEP?Wikipedia, "Individualized Education Program", section on developing the IEP. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, IV. Collaboration, Reflection, and Technology (20%), A.3 productive relationships with parents and guardians.
A school cannot run a full multi-component activity program. Which two approaches does the federal midcourse report call promising in that case?Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans Midcourse Report (HHS, 2012), Executive Summary, school settings. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, IV. Collaboration, Reflection, and Technology (20%), A.3 productive relationships with colleagues, administrators and the community.
A teacher has tried several strategies and one student's behavior problem persists. What does the federal practice guide on behavior recommend drawing on?IES practice guide, Reducing Behavior Problems in the Elementary School Classroom (2008), Recommendation 4. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, IV. Collaboration, Reflection, and Technology (20%), A.3 productive relationships with colleagues, parents and guardians.
After school a teacher watches a video of her own lesson and decides to shorten tomorrow's instructions. In Schön's terms, what is this?Wikipedia, "Reflective practice", section on Schön. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, IV. Collaboration, Reflection, and Technology (20%), B.1 use of the reflective cycle to change teacher performance.
The federal midcourse report recommends multi-component school-based programs. Besides enhanced physical education, which parts does it list?Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans Midcourse Report (HHS, 2012), Executive Summary, school settings. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, IV. Collaboration, Reflection, and Technology (20%), A.4 promotion of opportunities for physical activity in the school and the community.
Gibbs's reflective cycle is often simplified into six stages that begin with description. Which stage comes last?Wikipedia, "Reflective practice", section on Gibbs. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, IV. Collaboration, Reflection, and Technology (20%), B.1 use of the reflective cycle.
Pushing and name-calling are common in hallways and on the playground across a whole school. By the federal practice guide, how should schoolwide behavior issues be addressed?IES practice guide, Reducing Behavior Problems in the Elementary School Classroom (2008), Recommendation 5. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, IV. Collaboration, Reflection, and Technology (20%), A.1 current educational issues that cross subject matter boundaries.
Students wear step counters during a walking unit. In an example in the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, what does a step counter help its user do?Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, 2nd edition (HHS, 2018), Chapter 6, Additional Considerations for Some Adults, an example. Outline: ETS Study Companion for Praxis 5091, IV. Collaboration, Reflection, and Technology (20%), C.1 student learning activities that integrate technology.
How this list was compiled: Our own questions, written to the content topics of the ETS Study Companion for Praxis Physical Education: Content Knowledge (5091) (https://www.ets.org/pdfs/praxis/5091.pdf, read 2026-10-13; test page https://praxis.ets.org/test/5091.html). The test has 120 selected-response questions in 2 hours: Content Knowledge and Student Growth and Development 36, Management, Motivation, and Communication 30, Planning, Instruction, and Student Assessment 30, Collaboration, Reflection, and Technology 24. The bank holds 14, 12, 12 and 10 questions. Every fact was read on 2026-10-13 on the public page the question names: the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans and its Midcourse Report (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services), the federal regulations for Title IX, Section 504 and IDEA (eCFR), a practice guide of the Institute of Education Sciences, the Grade-Level Outcomes for K-12 Physical Education of SHAPE America, and Wikipedia articles named on the question. Licence: Questions, choices and explanations are original work of this site.
How it works
This free Praxis 2 physical education practice test has 48 questions of our own on the four categories of Physical Education: Content Knowledge (5091), each with its public source. It is unofficial and not affiliated with or endorsed by ETS.
Read the full guide
What the test covers
ETS lists four categories in the Study Companion read October 13, 2026: content knowledge and student growth and development (30%), management, motivation and communication (25%), planning, instruction and student assessment (25%), and collaboration, reflection and technology (20%). This bank holds 14, 12, 12 and 10 questions.
Timing
Exam mode asks 48 questions in 48 minutes, the pace of the real test: 120 questions in 2 hours.
Where the answers come from
Each explanation names its public source: the federal Physical Activity Guidelines, the Title IX, Section 504 and IDEA regulations, a federal behavior guide, the national grade-level outcomes, and Wikipedia for sport rules and anatomy. First aid, nutrition and substance abuse are left out.
The ETS outline says the sport questions lean on softball, soccer, swimming, tennis, track and field, and volleyball.
ETS also lists Physical Education: Content and Design (5095) and Health and Physical Education: Content Knowledge (5857). Those are other tests.
Questions and answers
Is the Praxis 2 physical education test the same as Praxis 5091?
ETS lists its content knowledge test for physical education teachers as Physical Education: Content Knowledge (5091). On October 13, 2026 its test page and Study Companion did not use the name Praxis 2. Ask your state agency which code it requires.
Is this Praxis 5091 physical education practice test the real exam?
No. All 48 questions were written for this site from the content topics ETS publishes for test 5091. None repeats or rewords a real test question or an ETS sample question, and a result here does not forecast a real score.
Is there a Praxis 5091 free study guide?
ETS publishes a free Study Companion for test 5091 that lists every content topic. The questions here are grouped by its four categories, so the page works as a physical education Praxis study guide: take one category, then read the explanations of what you missed.
How many questions are on the Praxis physical education test?
120 selected-response questions in 2 hours, delivered on a computer. ETS says the test may contain some questions that will not count toward your score.
What score do I need to pass Praxis 5091?
ETS sets no passing score. Your state or licensing agency sets a qualifying score, so look up its requirement before test day. The result here is the number right, with no verdict.