Topic 8.1: Contextualizing 20th-century global conflicts 3
According to the course framework, the stresses of economic collapse and total war produced an ideological battle among which three systems?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.1, key concept KC-4.2
According to the course framework, total war and political instability in the first half of the 20th century gave way to what during the Cold War?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.1, key concept KC-4.1
The course framework says the 20th century brought large-scale suffering from warfare and genocide. What does it set beside that suffering?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.1, key concept KC-4.4.I
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Topic 8.2: World War I 13
According to the course framework, in which region did the dispute that grew into World War I begin?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.2, historical development KC-4.1.I.A
According to the course framework, what did the new technologies of World War I lead to?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.2, historical development KC-4.1.I.B
Against which empire did the Arab Revolt of 1916 rise?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.2, illustrative example of KC-4.1.I.D; fact read in Wikipedia, "Arab Revolt"
At which battle of April 1915 did Germany first use poison gas on a large scale on the Western Front?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.2, illustrative example of KC-4.1.I.B; fact read in Wikipedia, "Second Battle of Ypres"
In which city did Irish republicans launch the Easter Rising of April 1916?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.2, illustrative example of KC-4.1.I.C; fact read in Wikipedia, "Easter Rising"
The mutinies in the French army in 1917 followed the failure of which offensive?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.2, illustrative example of KC-4.1.I.C; fact read in Wikipedia, "1917 French Army mutinies"
The Schlieffen Plan is the name given to German war plans for an invasion of which country by way of Belgium?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.2, historical development KC-4.1.I.A; fact read in Wikipedia, "Schlieffen Plan"
Which German policy, resumed early in 1917, helped bring the United States into the war that April?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.2, historical development KC-4.1.I.E; fact read in Wikipedia, "American entry into World War I"
Which German-held port in China did Japan besiege and capture in 1914?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.2, illustrative example of KC-4.1.I.D; fact read in Wikipedia, "Siege of Tsingtao"
Which new weapon did the British army first use in battle on the Somme in September 1916?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.2, illustrative example of KC-4.1.I.B; fact read in Wikipedia, "Tanks in World War I"
Which three powers made up the Triple Entente?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.2, historical development KC-4.1.I.A; fact read in Wikipedia, "Triple Entente"
Who became the first president of the Republic of Turkey in 1923?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.2, illustrative example of KC-4.1.I.E; fact read in Wikipedia, "Mustafa Kemal Atatürk"
Who shot Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.2, historical development KC-4.1.I.A; fact read in Wikipedia, "Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand"
Topic 8.3: The Russian Revolution and its effects 9
According to the course framework, what did Lenin do under the New Economic Policy?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.3, historical development KC-4.2.I.D.i
In the Russian Civil War, what were the main forces that fought the Red Army called?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.3, historical development KC-4.2.I.C; fact read in Wikipedia, "Russian Civil War"
In what year did Lenin introduce the New Economic Policy?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.3, historical development KC-4.2.I.D.i; fact read in Wikipedia, "New Economic Policy"
The October Revolution took place on 25 October 1917 by Russia's old-style calendar. What was the date by the calendar used in the West?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.3, historical development KC-4.2.I.B; fact read in Wikipedia, "October Revolution"
Under Order No. 1 of the Petrograd Soviet, soldiers and sailors were to obey their officers and the Provisional Government only on what condition?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.3, illustrative example of KC-4.2.I.B; fact read in Wikipedia, "Order No. 1"
What did the February Revolution of 1917 bring about in Russia?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.3, illustrative example of KC-4.2.I.B; fact read in Wikipedia, "February Revolution"
Which body did Lenin's April Theses say should hold all power?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.3, historical development KC-4.2.I.B; fact read in Wikipedia, "April Theses"
Which treaty of March 1918 took Russia out of World War I?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.3, historical development KC-4.2.I.C; fact read in Wikipedia, "Treaty of Brest-Litovsk"
Who organized and led the Red Army during the Russian Civil War?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.3, historical development KC-4.2.I.C; fact read in Wikipedia, "Leon Trotsky"
Topic 8.4: Versailles Conference and peace settlement 9
According to the course framework, the peace negotiators in Paris were divided between diplomatic idealism and what?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.4, key concept KC-4.1.II
According to the course framework, to which two powers did the League of Nations distribute former German and Ottoman possessions as mandates?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.4, historical development KC-4.1.VI.B
According to the course framework, which three major powers weakened the League of Nations by not taking part at the outset?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.4, historical development KC-4.1.II.B
At what total did the London Schedule of Payments of 1921 set the reparations owed by the Central Powers?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.4, historical development KC-4.1.II.C; fact read in Wikipedia, "World War I reparations"
To whom did Woodrow Wilson present his Fourteen Points on 8 January 1918?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.4, historical development KC-4.1.II.A; fact read in Wikipedia, "Fourteen Points"
Under what name was Yugoslavia founded in 1918?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.4, illustrative example of KC-4.1.II.A; fact read in Wikipedia, "Kingdom of Yugoslavia"
Which defeated state signed the Treaty of Trianon in 1920?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.4, illustrative example of KC-4.1.II.A; fact read in Wikipedia, "Treaty of Trianon"
Which power held the League of Nations mandate for Syria and Lebanon?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.4, illustrative example of KC-4.1.VI.B; fact read in Wikipedia, "Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon"
Which two countries sent troops into the Ruhr in January 1923 after Germany fell behind on reparations?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.4, historical development KC-4.1.II.C; fact read in Wikipedia, "Occupation of the Ruhr"
Topic 8.5: Global economic crisis 8
According to the course framework, what did the United States do after the stock market crash of 1929 that led to financial collapse in Europe?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.5, historical development KC-4.2.III.B
In which country did unions and employers sign the Saltsjöbaden Agreement of 1938?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.5, illustrative example of KC-4.2.III.C; fact read in Wikipedia, "Saltsjöbaden Agreement"
Which major Austrian bank, founded in Vienna in 1855, failed in 1931?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.5, historical development KC-4.2.III.B; fact read in Wikipedia, "Creditanstalt"
Which reform did the Popular Front government bring to French workers in 1936?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.5, illustrative example of KC-4.2.III.C; fact read in Wikipedia, "Popular Front (France)"
Which trade policy does the course framework list among the weaknesses of the world economy before the Great Depression?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.5, historical development KC-4.2.III.A
Who led the National Government formed in Britain in 1931?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.5, illustrative example of KC-4.2.III.C; fact read in Wikipedia, "National Government (United Kingdom)"
Who led the Popular Front government that took office in France in 1936?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.5, illustrative example of KC-4.2.III.C; fact read in Wikipedia, "Popular Front (France)"
Who wrote The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, published in 1936?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.5, illustrative example of KC-4.2.III.C; fact read in Wikipedia, "The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money"
Topic 8.6: Fascism and totalitarianism 15
According to the course framework, whom did fascist propaganda set out to attract?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.6, historical development KC-4.2.II.A
After the March on Rome in October 1922, who appointed Mussolini prime minister?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.6, historical development KC-4.2.II.B; fact read in Wikipedia, "March on Rome"
In the Soviet Union of the 1930s, what was a kolkhoz?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.6, illustrative example of KC-4.2.I.D.ii; fact read in Wikipedia, "Collectivization in the Soviet Union"
In which city did Hitler attempt the failed Beer Hall Putsch of November 1923?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.6, historical development KC-4.2.II.B; fact read in Wikipedia, "Beer Hall Putsch"
What did the Enabling Act of March 1933 allow Hitler's government to do?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.6, historical development KC-4.2.II.B; fact read in Wikipedia, "Enabling Act of 1933"
What did the first Five-Year Plan, begun in 1928, put first?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.6, illustrative example of KC-4.2.I.D.ii; fact read in Wikipedia, "First five-year plan (Soviet Union)"
What does the course framework call the Spanish Civil War in relation to World War II?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.6, historical development KC-4.2.II.C
What event does Leni Riefenstahl's film Triumph of the Will record?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.6, illustrative example of KC-4.2.II.A; fact read in Wikipedia, "Triumph of the Will"
Which German air unit bombed the Basque town of Guernica in April 1937?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.6, historical development KC-4.2.II.C; fact read in Wikipedia, "Bombing of Guernica"
Which office did Joseph Goebbels hold in Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.6, illustrative example of KC-4.2.II.A; fact read in Wikipedia, "Joseph Goebbels"
Which Soviet police body carried out the arrests of the Great Purge in the late 1930s?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.6, illustrative example of KC-4.2.I.E; fact read in Wikipedia, "Great Purge"
Which title did Admiral Miklós Horthy hold as head of state of Hungary from 1920 to 1944?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.6, illustrative example of KC-4.2.II.D; fact read in Wikipedia, "Miklós Horthy"
Who appointed Hitler chancellor of Germany on 30 January 1933?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.6, historical development KC-4.2.II.B; fact read in Wikipedia, "Adolf Hitler's rise to power"
Who took power in Poland in the May Coup of 1926?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.6, illustrative example of KC-4.2.II.D; fact read in Wikipedia, "May Coup (Poland)"
Whom does the course framework mean by the kulaks?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.6, historical development KC-4.2.I.E
Topic 8.7: Europe during the interwar period 7
According to the course framework, what did French and British fears of another war and American isolationism allow the fascist states to do?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.7, historical development KC-4.1.III.A
How did Germany break the Munich Agreement in March 1939?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.7, illustrative example of KC-4.1.III.A; fact read in Wikipedia, "Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia"
What did Germany do on 7 March 1936 in breach of the Treaty of Versailles and the Locarno Treaties?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.7, illustrative example of KC-4.1.III.A; fact read in Wikipedia, "Remilitarisation of the Rhineland"
What was the Anschluss of March 1938?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.7, illustrative example of KC-4.1.III.A; fact read in Wikipedia, "Anschluss"
Which country did Italy invade in October 1935?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.7, illustrative example of KC-4.1.III.A; fact read in Wikipedia, "Second Italo-Ethiopian War"
Which country, whose territory was at stake, was not invited to the Munich conference of September 1938?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.7, illustrative example of KC-4.1.III.A; fact read in Wikipedia, "Munich Agreement"
Which two foreign ministers signed the Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact in Moscow in August 1939?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.7, illustrative example of KC-4.1.III.A; fact read in Wikipedia, "Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact"
Topic 8.8: World War II 9
According to the course framework, what did military technologies make possible in the 20th century?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.8, historical development KC-4.3.II.C
Germany invaded Poland on 1 September 1939. On what date did Soviet forces enter Poland from the east?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.8, illustrative example of KC-4.1.III.B; fact read in Wikipedia, "Invasion of Poland"
On what date did Allied forces land in Normandy in Operation Overlord?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.8, historical development KC-4.1.III.C; fact read in Wikipedia, "Normandy landings"
Under what code name did Germany invade the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.8, illustrative example of KC-4.1.III.B; fact read in Wikipedia, "Operation Barbarossa"
Under which program, enacted in March 1941, did the United States supply Britain, the Soviet Union and other Allies with war materiel?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.8, historical development KC-4.1.III.C; fact read in Wikipedia, "Lend-Lease"
When did Winston Churchill become prime minister of the United Kingdom?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.8, historical development KC-4.1.III.C; fact read in Wikipedia, "Winston Churchill"
Where did France sign its armistice with Germany on 22 June 1940?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.8, illustrative example of KC-4.1.III.B; fact read in Wikipedia, "Battle of France"
Which German army surrendered at Stalingrad in February 1943?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.8, historical development KC-4.1.III.C; fact read in Wikipedia, "Battle of Stalingrad"
Which was the first major military campaign fought entirely by air forces?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.8, historical development KC-4.1.III.C; fact read in Wikipedia, "Battle of Britain"
Topic 8.9: The Holocaust 5
According to the course framework, with whose cooperation did Nazi Germany seek to establish a "new racial order" in Europe?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.9, historical development KC-4.1.III.D
At which conference of January 1942 did senior German officials coordinate what they called the "Final Solution"?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.9, illustrative example of KC-4.1.III.D; fact read in Wikipedia, "Wannsee Conference"
Besides Jews, which groups does the course framework name among those targeted by the Nazis?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.9, historical development KC-4.4.I.B
In what year did Nazi Germany enact the Nuremberg Laws?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.9, illustrative example of KC-4.1.III.D; fact read in Wikipedia, "Nuremberg Laws"
Which army liberated the Auschwitz camp on 27 January 1945?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.9, illustrative example of KC-4.1.III.D; fact read in Wikipedia, "Auschwitz concentration camp"
Topic 8.10: 20th-century cultural, intellectual and artistic developments 7
According to the course framework, in what did women become increasingly involved during the world wars?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.10, historical development KC-4.4.II.A
According to the course framework, the challenge to the Newtonian universe in physics provided the knowledge needed to develop what?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.10, historical development KC-4.3.II.A
Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity is a theory of what?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.10, illustrative example of KC-4.3.II.A; fact read in Wikipedia, "General relativity"
What did the team led by Enrico Fermi achieve in Chicago on 2 December 1942?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.10, illustrative example of KC-4.3.II.A; fact read in Wikipedia, "Chicago Pile-1"
Which principle did Werner Heisenberg state in 1927?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.10, illustrative example of KC-4.3.II.A; fact read in Wikipedia, "Uncertainty principle"
Which women gained the vote in the United Kingdom under the Representation of the People Act 1918?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.10, historical development KC-4.4.I.A; fact read in Wikipedia, "Representation of the People Act 1918"
Who is credited with coining the phrase "lost generation"?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.10, historical development KC-4.4.I.A; fact read in Wikipedia, "Lost Generation"
Topic 8.11: Continuity and changes in an age of global conflict 2
According to the course framework, what did the Great Depression do to the democracies of Western Europe?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.11, key concept KC-4.2.III
Which factors does the course framework say resulted in the catastrophe of World War II?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 8.11, key concept KC-4.1.III
How this list was compiled: Our own questions, written to Unit 8 (20th-Century Global Conflicts; topics 8.1 to 8.11) of the College Board's AP European History Course and Exam Description, effective fall 2026, https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/media/pdf/ap-european-history-course-and-exam-description.pdf, read 2026-10-14. Each answer rests on a key concept or historical development statement of the course description or on a sentence of the Wikipedia article named under the question, read on 2026-10-14. Licence: Own work.
How it works
This AP European History Unit 8 practice test has 87 questions of our own on 20th-Century Global Conflicts: the two world wars and the years between them. It is unofficial and not affiliated with the College Board, which owns AP.
Read the full guide
What Unit 8 covers
The College Board's course description, effective fall 2026 and read October 14, 2026, gives Unit 8 eleven topics and no weights among them, so the spread is ours: World War I (13 questions), the Russian Revolution (9), the Versailles settlement (9), the global economic crisis (8), fascism and totalitarianism (15), the interwar period (7), World War II (9), the Holocaust (5) and cultural and intellectual developments (7). Context and continuity have 3 and 2.
Where the answers come from
22 answers rest on a statement of the course description, named under the question. The other 65 are facts about a person, a treaty, a battle or a book of the unit, each read in the Wikipedia article named.
Keep the steps of the 1930s in order: Ethiopia 1935, the Rhineland 1936, Austria and Munich 1938, Prague and the Nazi-Soviet pact 1939.
Pair each dictator with how he took office: Mussolini by the king's appointment in 1922, Hitler by Hindenburg's in 1933.
For each part of the peace settlement learn one consequence, such as reparations and the occupation of the Ruhr.
Questions and answers
What is Unit 8 in AP European History?
20th-Century Global Conflicts: World War I, the Russian Revolution, the Versailles settlement, the Great Depression, fascism and totalitarianism, World War II, the Holocaust and the ideas of the period. It is the eighth of nine units.
How much of the AP Euro exam is Unit 8?
Between 10 and 15%, by the College Board's course page, as for every one of the nine units. The course description suggests about 15 class periods for Unit 8.
What is the difference between Unit 8 and Unit 9 in AP Euro?
The course description dates both from about 1914 to the present. Unit 8 follows the two world wars and the years between them. Unit 9 follows the Cold War, decolonization, the European Union and life after 1945.
Is this the AP Euro Unit 8 progress check?
No. The College Board's Progress Check for Unit 8, about 25 multiple-choice questions with two short-answer questions and a long essay by the course description, is assigned by teachers in AP Classroom. Every question here is our own.