Topic 9.1: Contextualizing Cold War and contemporary Europe 3
According to the course framework, between which two sides did the Cold War begin as World War II ended?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.1, key concept KC-4.1.IV
According to the course framework, the experience of war intensified a sense of anxiety in thought and culture. What did that give way to by the century's end?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.1, key concept KC-4.3.I.ii
Which changes does the course framework say altered the experiences of everyday life in the 20th century?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.1, key concept KC-4.4
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Topic 9.2: Rebuilding Europe 4
About how many European countries received Marshall Plan benefits?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.2, historical development KC-4.2.IV.A; fact read in Wikipedia, "Marshall Plan"
What does the course framework call the extended period of growth in Western and Central Europe after the war?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.2, historical development KC-4.2.IV.A
What is the German word for the rapid rebuilding and growth of the West German economy after World War II?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.2, historical development KC-4.2.IV.A; fact read in Wikipedia, "Wirtschaftswunder"
What was the official name of the Marshall Plan?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.2, historical development KC-4.2.IV.A; fact read in Wikipedia, "Marshall Plan"
Topic 9.3: The Cold War 10
According to the course framework, through which newly created body did states try to keep up international cooperation after World War II?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.3, historical development KC-4.1.IV.A
How did the Western Allies supply West Berlin during the Soviet blockade of 1948 and 1949?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.3, historical development KC-4.1.IV.B; fact read in Wikipedia, "Berlin Blockade"
In what year did Soviet forces invade Afghanistan?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.3, illustrative example of KC-4.1.IV.B; fact read in Wikipedia, "Soviet–Afghan War"
In which American town did Winston Churchill give his "iron curtain" speech on 5 March 1946?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.3, historical development KC-4.1.IV.A; fact read in Wikipedia, "Iron Curtain"
On what date did East Germany begin building the Berlin Wall?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.3, historical development KC-4.1.IV.A; fact read in Wikipedia, "Berlin Wall"
The Truman Doctrine of March 1947 began with a request for aid to which two countries?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.3, historical development KC-4.1.IV.B; fact read in Wikipedia, "Truman Doctrine"
What did the Soviet Union launch on 4 October 1957?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.3, historical development KC-4.1.IV.B; fact read in Wikipedia, "Sputnik 1"
Which "hot war" of the Cold War began on 25 June 1950?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.3, illustrative example of KC-4.1.IV.B; fact read in Wikipedia, "Korean War"
Which crisis of October 1962 brought the United States and the Soviet Union close to nuclear war?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.3, historical development KC-4.1.IV.B; fact read in Wikipedia, "Cuban Missile Crisis"
Which two states led the coalition of Arab states that fought Israel in the Yom Kippur War of October 1973?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.3, illustrative example of KC-4.1.IV.B; fact read in Wikipedia, "Yom Kippur War"
Topic 9.4: Two super powers emerge 10
According to the course framework, on what economic model did the nations of the Soviet bloc run?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.4, historical development KC-4.2.V.A
According to the course framework, within which two organizations did the Soviet Union dominate the countries east of the Iron Curtain?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.4, historical development KC-4.1.IV.D
In February 1956 Nikita Khrushchev gave a "secret speech" to the 20th Congress of the Soviet Communist Party. Whom did it criticize?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.4, historical development KC-4.2.V.B; fact read in Wikipedia, "On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences"
In what year did the Soviet Union and seven other states of central and eastern Europe sign the Warsaw Pact?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.4, historical development KC-4.1.IV.D; fact read in Wikipedia, "Warsaw Pact"
In what year was the North Atlantic Treaty, the basis of NATO, signed in Washington?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.4, historical development KC-4.1.IV.C; fact read in Wikipedia, "North Atlantic Treaty"
In which American state did the conference of July 1944 that set up the International Monetary Fund meet?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.4, illustrative example of KC-4.1.IV.C; fact read in Wikipedia, "Bretton Woods Conference"
What does Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty say about an armed attack on one member?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.4, historical development KC-4.1.IV.C; fact read in Wikipedia, "North Atlantic Treaty"
Which Czechoslovak leader began the reforms of the Prague Spring in 1968?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.4, illustrative example of KC-4.2.V.B; fact read in Wikipedia, "Prague Spring"
Which organization replaced the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade as the framework for world trade on 1 January 1995?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.4, illustrative example of KC-4.1.IV.C; fact read in Wikipedia, "General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade"
Whose government declared Hungary's withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact during the revolt of 1956?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.4, illustrative example of KC-4.2.V.B; fact read in Wikipedia, "Hungarian Revolution of 1956"
Topic 9.5: Postwar nationalism, ethnic conflict and atrocities 6
According to the course framework, what did new nationalisms in central and eastern Europe result in in the Balkans?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.5, historical development KC-4.2.V.D.ii
ETA was an armed separatist organization of which people?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.5, illustrative example of KC-4.1.V; fact read in Wikipedia, "ETA (separatist group)"
In which republic did Russia fight a war from 1994 to 1996 against forces seeking independence?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.5, illustrative example of KC-4.1.V; fact read in Wikipedia, "First Chechen War"
Over which province did NATO carry out an air campaign against Yugoslavia from March to June 1999?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.5, illustrative example of KC-4.2.V.D.ii; fact read in Wikipedia, "NATO bombing of Yugoslavia"
Which agreement of 10 April 1998 ended most of the violence of the Troubles in Northern Ireland?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.5, illustrative example of KC-4.1.V; fact read in Wikipedia, "Good Friday Agreement"
Which agreement, reached in Ohio in November 1995, ended the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.5, illustrative example of KC-4.2.V.D.ii; fact read in Wikipedia, "Dayton Agreement"
Topic 9.6: Contemporary Western democracies 5
According to the course framework, what led to criticism and limitation of the welfare state?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.6, key concept KC-4.2.IV
In what year was the National Health Service founded in the United Kingdom?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.6, historical development KC-4.2.IV.B; fact read in Wikipedia, "National Health Service"
What phrase does the course framework use for the social welfare programs that expanded after World War II?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.6, historical development KC-4.2.IV.B
What set off the oil crisis of October 1973?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.6, historical development KC-4.2.IV; fact read in Wikipedia, "1973 oil crisis"
Which policy is a mark of Thatcherism, the economic approach of Margaret Thatcher's governments in Britain?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.6, historical development KC-4.2.IV; fact read in Wikipedia, "Thatcherism"
Topic 9.7: The fall of communism 8
According to the course framework, what kind of economies were established throughout Eastern Europe after the collapse of the USSR?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.7, historical development KC-4.1.IV.E
In which month did the Soviet Union formally cease to exist?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.7, historical development KC-4.1.IV.E; fact read in Wikipedia, "Dissolution of the Soviet Union"
On what date was Germany reunited?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.7, historical development KC-4.1.IV.E; fact read in Wikipedia, "German reunification"
What do the Russian words glasnost and perestroika mean?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.7, historical development KC-4.2.V.C; fact read in Wikipedia, "Glasnost"
What name is given to the peaceful end of communist rule in Czechoslovakia in late 1989?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.7, historical development KC-4.2.V.D.i; fact read in Wikipedia, "Velvet Revolution"
What name is sometimes given to the peaceful division of Czechoslovakia into the Czech Republic and Slovakia at the end of 1992?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.7, historical development KC-4.1.IV.E; fact read in Wikipedia, "Dissolution of Czechoslovakia"
What was the outcome of the Polish parliamentary elections of June 1989?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.7, illustrative example of KC-4.2.V.C; fact read in Wikipedia, "1989 Polish parliamentary election"
Where was the Polish trade union Solidarity founded in 1980?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.7, illustrative example of KC-4.2.V.C; fact read in Wikipedia, "Solidarity (Polish trade union)"
Topic 9.8: 20th-century feminism 6
According to the course framework, how did women in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union gain the vote and access to professional careers?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.8, historical development KC-4.4.II.B
According to the course framework, what gave women more options in their personal lives?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.8, historical development KC-4.4.II.D
Which office did Édith Cresson hold from 1991 to 1992, the first woman to do so?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.8, illustrative example of KC-4.4.II.E; fact read in Wikipedia, "Édith Cresson"
Which office did Mary Robinson win in 1990, the first woman to hold it?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.8, illustrative example of KC-4.4.II.E; fact read in Wikipedia, "Mary Robinson"
Who became the first woman to serve as prime minister of the United Kingdom in 1979?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.8, illustrative example of KC-4.4.II.E; fact read in Wikipedia, "Margaret Thatcher"
Who wrote The Second Sex, published in France in 1949?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.8, illustrative example of KC-4.4.II.B; fact read in Wikipedia, "The Second Sex"
Topic 9.9: Decolonization 9
According to the course framework, whose principle of national self-determination raised expectations in the non-European world at the end of World War I?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.9, historical development KC-4.1.VI.A
At which battle of 1954 did Ho Chi Minh's Viet Minh defeat French forces in Indochina?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.9, illustrative example of KC-4.1.VI.C; fact read in Wikipedia, "Battle of Dien Bien Phu"
On what date did British India become the independent dominions of India and Pakistan?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.9, illustrative example of KC-4.1.VI.C; fact read in Wikipedia, "Indian Independence Act 1947"
Which accords of March 1962 ended the Algerian War?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.9, illustrative example of KC-4.1.VI.C; fact read in Wikipedia, "Évian Accords"
Which British prime minister spoke of a "wind of change" blowing through Africa in 1960?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.9, historical development KC-4.1.VI.C; fact read in Wikipedia, "Wind of Change (speech)"
Which canal did Egypt nationalize in 1956, leading Britain, France and Israel to invade?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.9, historical development KC-4.1.VI.C; fact read in Wikipedia, "Suez Crisis"
Which nationalist movement fought France in the Algerian War of 1954 to 1962?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.9, illustrative example of KC-4.1.VI.C; fact read in Wikipedia, "Algerian War"
Which reason for delayed independence in Africa and Asia does the course framework give?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.9, historical development KC-4.1.VI.C
Who proclaimed the independence of Indonesia on 17 August 1945?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.9, illustrative example of KC-4.1.VI.C; fact read in Wikipedia, "Proclamation of Indonesian Independence"
Topic 9.10: The European Union 9
According to the course framework, what do EU member nations continue to balance against the responsibilities of membership?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.10, historical development KC-4.4.IV.B
How many countries joined the European Union in the enlargement of 1 May 2004?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.10, historical development KC-4.1.IV.E; fact read in Wikipedia, "2004 enlargement of the European Union"
In what year did citizens first elect the members of the European Parliament?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.10, illustrative example of KC-4.4.IV.B; fact read in Wikipedia, "1979 European Parliament election"
What did the Schengen Agreement of 1985 set out to do?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.10, illustrative example of KC-4.4.IV.B; fact read in Wikipedia, "Schengen Agreement"
What did voters in the United Kingdom decide in the referendum of 23 June 2016?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.10, illustrative example of KC-4.4.IV.B; fact read in Wikipedia, "2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum"
When did euro notes and coins enter circulation?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.10, illustrative example of KC-4.4.IV.B; fact read in Wikipedia, "Euro"
Which six countries founded the European Coal and Steel Community?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.10, historical development KC-4.4.IV.A; fact read in Wikipedia, "European Coal and Steel Community"
Which treaty of 1957 created the European Economic Community?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.10, historical development KC-4.4.IV.A; fact read in Wikipedia, "Treaty of Rome"
Which treaty, signed in 1992, is the founding treaty of the European Union?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.10, historical development KC-4.4.IV.A; fact read in Wikipedia, "Maastricht Treaty"
Topic 9.11: Migration and immigration 5
According to the course framework, from where did migrant workers come to western and central Europe during the growth of the 1950s and 1960s?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.11, historical development KC-4.4.III.D
According to the course framework, what debate did increased immigration into Europe cause?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.11, historical development KC-4.3.III.C
What does the German word Gastarbeiter mean?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.11, historical development KC-4.4.III.D; fact read in Wikipedia, "Gastarbeiter"
Which politician led the Austrian Freedom Party from 1986 to 2000?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.11, illustrative example of KC-4.4.III.D; fact read in Wikipedia, "Freedom Party of Austria"
Which politician was a founder of the French National Front in 1972?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.11, illustrative example of KC-4.4.III.D; fact read in Wikipedia, "National Rally"
Topics 9.12 and 9.13: Technology and globalization 8
According to the course framework, what did medical theories and technologies do besides extend life?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.12, historical development KC-4.3.II.B
According to the course framework, what generated both enthusiasm and criticism in Europe after World War II?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.13, historical development KC-4.3.IV.C
According to the course framework, which parties challenged consumerism and urged sustainable development?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.13, historical development KC-4.4.III.A
Dolly, born in Scotland in 1996, was the first mammal cloned from an adult cell. What kind of animal was she?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.12, illustrative example of KC-4.3.II.B; fact read in Wikipedia, "Dolly (sheep)"
In which federal election did the West German Greens first win seats in the Bundestag?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.13, historical development KC-4.4.III.A; fact read in Wikipedia, "Alliance 90/The Greens"
Louise Brown, born in England in 1978, was the first person conceived by what procedure?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.12, illustrative example of KC-4.3.II.B; fact read in Wikipedia, "Louise Brown"
Which two countries were joined by the rail tunnel under the sea that opened in 1994?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.13, historical development KC-4.4.I.D; fact read in Wikipedia, "Channel Tunnel"
Who invented the World Wide Web in 1989 while working at CERN?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.13, illustrative example of KC-4.4.I.D; fact read in Wikipedia, "World Wide Web"
Topic 9.14: 20th- and 21st-century culture, arts and demographic trends 18
The Bauhaus, a German art school that ran from 1919 to 1933, set out to combine what?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.14, illustrative example of KC-4.3.IV.A; fact read in Wikipedia, "Bauhaus"
Dietrich Bonhoeffer, a German Lutheran pastor and anti-Nazi dissident, was a key founding member of which church body?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.14, illustrative example of KC-4.3.III.A; fact read in Wikipedia, "Dietrich Bonhoeffer"
In Franz Kafka's story The Metamorphosis, published in 1915, what happens to the salesman Gregor Samsa?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.14, illustrative example of KC-4.3.IV.B; fact read in Wikipedia, "The Metamorphosis"
In which city did the Dada movement begin in 1916, at the Cabaret Voltaire?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.14, illustrative example of KC-4.3.IV.A; fact read in Wikipedia, "Dada"
In which city is James Joyce's novel Ulysses, published in 1922, set?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.14, illustrative example of KC-4.3.IV.B; fact read in Wikipedia, "Ulysses (novel)"
In which country did a period of civil unrest with occupations and general strikes begin in May 1968?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.14, historical development KC-4.4.III.C; fact read in Wikipedia, "May 68"
John Paul II, elected pope in 1978, came from which country?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.14, illustrative example of KC-4.3.III.A; fact read in Wikipedia, "Pope John Paul II"
What does the course framework call the sharp rise in the birth rate that came with economic recovery after World War II?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.14, historical development KC-4.4.II.C
Which ballet by Igor Stravinsky caused a sensation at its Paris premiere on 29 May 1913?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.14, illustrative example of KC-4.3.IV.A; fact read in Wikipedia, "The Rite of Spring"
Which composer developed the best-known version of the twelve-tone technique in 1923?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.14, illustrative example of KC-4.3.IV.A; fact read in Wikipedia, "Twelve-tone technique"
Which council, held from 1962 to 1965, does the course framework name as the expression of reform in the Catholic Church?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.14, historical development KC-4.3.III.B
Which domestic comforts does the course framework say became available in the new consumer culture?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.14, historical development KC-4.4.I.C
Which German pastor published the confessional piece "First They Came" in 1946?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.14, illustrative example of KC-4.3.III.A; fact read in Wikipedia, "Martin Niemöller"
Which Italian poet published the Manifesto of Futurism in 1909?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.14, illustrative example of KC-4.3.IV.A; fact read in Wikipedia, "Manifesto of Futurism"
Which philosopher wrote Existentialism Is a Humanism (1946), with its claim that "existence precedes essence"?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.14, illustrative example of KC-4.3.I.B; fact read in Wikipedia, "Existentialism Is a Humanism"
Which pope convoked the Second Vatican Council, which first met in October 1962?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.14, historical development KC-4.3.III.B; fact read in Wikipedia, "Second Vatican Council"
Which war is the subject of Erich Maria Remarque's novel All Quiet on the Western Front?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.14, illustrative example of KC-4.3.IV.B; fact read in Wikipedia, "All Quiet on the Western Front"
Which writer argued in A Room of One's Own (1929) that a woman needs money and a room of her own to write fiction?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.14, illustrative example of KC-4.3.IV.B; fact read in Wikipedia, "A Room of One's Own"
Topic 9.15: Continuity and change in the 20th and 21st centuries 2
According to the course framework, what did European states begin to set aside in favor of economic and political integration?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.15, key concept KC-4.4.IV
Which movements does the course framework name as working for expanded civil rights in the later 20th century?College Board, AP European History Course and Exam Description, topic 9.15, historical development KC-4.4.III.B
How this list was compiled: Our own questions, written to Unit 9 (Cold War and Contemporary Europe; topics 9.1 to 9.15) of the College Board's AP European History Course and Exam Description, effective fall 2026, https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/media/pdf/ap-european-history-course-and-exam-description.pdf, read 2026-10-14. Each answer rests on a key concept or historical development statement of the course description or on a sentence of the Wikipedia article named under the question, read on 2026-10-14. Licence: Own work.
How it works
This AP European History Unit 9 practice test has 103 questions of our own on Cold War and Contemporary Europe. It is unofficial and not affiliated with the College Board, which owns AP.
Read the full guide
What Unit 9 covers
The College Board's course description, read October 14, 2026, gives Unit 9 fifteen topics, the most of any unit, and no weights among them. The spread is ours: rebuilding Europe (4 questions), the Cold War (10), the two superpowers (10), nationalism and ethnic conflict (6), Western democracies (5), the fall of communism (8), feminism (6), decolonization (9), the European Union (9), migration (5), technology and globalization (8) and culture, arts and demographic trends (18). Context and continuity have 3 and 2.
Where the answers come from
26 answers rest on a statement of the course description, named under the question. The other 77 are facts read in the Wikipedia article named under each.
Learn the pairs: NATO in 1949 and the Warsaw Pact in 1955, glasnost and perestroika, Hungary in 1956 and Prague in 1968.
Follow one line from coal and steel in 1951 to the Common Market in 1957 and the European Union in 1993.
Sort each writer, artist and composer under a movement, and learn one work for each name.
Questions and answers
What is Unit 9 in AP European History?
Cold War and Contemporary Europe, the last of nine units: postwar recovery, the Cold War and its end, decolonization, the European Union, migration, feminism, technology and the arts.
How much of the AP Euro exam is Unit 9?
Between 10 and 15%, by the College Board's course page. The course description suggests about 17 class periods for it, more than for Unit 8.
What years does AP Euro Unit 9 cover?
The course description dates the unit from about 1914 to the present, the same range as Unit 8. Its topics begin with the rebuilding of Europe after World War II and run to the European Union and globalization.
Is this the AP Euro Unit 9 progress check?
No. The College Board's Progress Check for Unit 9, about 35 multiple-choice questions with two short-answer questions and a document-based question by the course description, is assigned by teachers in AP Classroom. None of it is copied here.